East Bay Fertility Center

A Positive Attitude during Infertility Treatment

2010-05-06T22:15:00.000-07:00

Infertility treatment is a precarious process intercepted with dramatic emotional swings knowing that there is nothing that can be done to guarantee that treatments will work. Since infertility is defined as a condition that sets in after trying to conceive for 12 months or more, those confronting it may already be drained emotionally. A sense of sadness coupled with shock sets in when recurrent pregnancy checks turn in negative. The anguish of putting up with continual cycle failures creates great aggravation. It is important however to ensure that infertility does not take over your life. Ensure that your self-esteem and outlook towards life remains positive while dealing with the emotional ups and downs of infertility treatment.

How do people manage to stay positive while facing fertility challenges? The answer lies in positive thought processes. You will feel miserable if you view your life as worthless without a child. But a positive frame of mind makes you feel that your life will be nicer once a baby enters your family sphere even if you have to undergo difficulties to conceive. It all boils down to the half-empty versus the half-full view of life.

Positive thinking decreases stress levels and the risk of depression, which in turn increases odds of becoming pregnant. Often, getting pregnant with IVF is just a matter of time. Just because you did not conceive in the first cycle does not mean you won’t conceive in the second cycle.

Feelings of anxiety and depression are common emotions experienced during infertility treatment. Letting go of negative feelings by talking to a close relative, friends or a support group will help in generating positive thoughts and feelings. Using positive affirmations and visualizations also help. Block out negative thoughts by repeating positive statements like “I can have a baby”, “I am doing everything I can to have a baby" or “I am a healthy, fertile woman.” Visualization involves picturing a happy outcome like the baby growing within you or how you will look with a big tummy. Finally, act on what you have control on, for instance your weight, giving up on cigarettes and alcohol. Don’t dwell too long on what is beyond your control.

Support groups foster positive feelings and inspire hope in those suffering from infertility or have endured pregnancy loss. On joining infertility support groups, members get support on issues such as adoption options, becoming foster parents and obtain up to date knowledge about the latest treatment options all of which propel them back into a positive frame of mind. Create a support network of those closest to you—and don’t be afraid to lean on them during this trying time.

Maintaining a positive frame of mind during infertility treatment is easier said than done. It requires tremendous courage and conviction not to give in to despair. However, if fertility treatment is the route you need to take to realize your dream of having a baby, go ahead with an open mind and a willingness to give it a try.

East Bay Fertility Center located in Dublin, California is well equipped with the latest technology and offers the most comprehensive consultation available in the field of Reproductive Endocrinology. The Center is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden a Board Certified Reproductive Endocrinologist and offers a complete mind-body experience for couples with fertility issues. A former infertility patient herself, Dr. Snowden brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility.

The Gestational Surrogacy option in Infertility Treatment

2010-05-06T22:08:00.000-07:00

Gestational surrogacy is the most popular type of commercial surrogacy in the United States. It is an option if the female partner has viable eggs, but does not have a normal uterus or can’t carry a baby for other medical reasons. Gestational surrogacy is done via In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), where a surrogate carries embryos that have been created from the eggs of the baby's intended mother and sperm of the intended father. In cases where the intended parents are unable to produce the necessary sperm or eggs, a donor may be used.

Under the gestational surrogacy option, the female partner will not have any genetic contribution to the pregnancy and neither will she get to carry or deliver the baby. On the other hand, the gestational surrogate mother is in no way biologically related to the baby or surrogate babies she carries. She is merely the carrier of someone else's biological child. In fact surrogacy is a sacrifice for the surrogate mother because when the child is born, the carrier will turn the baby over to the intended parents, signing away her parental rights.

In gestational surrogacy, surrogate mothers are required to go through an extensive medical protocol in preparation of an embryo transfer, as well as to sustain the surrogate pregnancy. This could involve hormonal medication taken orally, vaginally, or through injections.

A gestational surrogate should have had at least one successful pregnancy and child birth, is between the ages of 21 and 35 (preferably less than 40), is a non-smoker, lives in a stable household, has reliable transportation and is not receiving state financial assistance.

The different stages of a gestational surrogacy process can be explained thus:
1. The surrogate chosen is thoroughly screened for infectious diseases.

2. She undergoes at least one session with a Psychologist/Counselor.

3. The most important step in surrogacy is that all potential issues need to be carefully clarified, put in writing, signed, and understood by all parties prior to initiation of the process. This should be done with the help of an experienced lawyer or agency.

4. The patient is stimulated with medications for egg development.

5. The surrogate is placed on medications that suppress her own menstrual cycle and stimulate development of a receptive uterine lining.

6. When the patient's follicles are mature, an egg retrieval procedure is performed to remove the eggs from her ovaries. The eggs are then fertilized in the laboratory with her partner's sperm.

7. The embryos developed are then transferred to the surrogate's uterus where they will hopefully implant and develop to result in a live birth.

8. The baby goes home from the hospital with the genetic parents.
Gestational surrogacy is sometimes the only way in which a couple can have a biological child. The increased legal benefits of gestational surrogacy and lack of a genetic bond are strong selling points for the intended parents and surrogates who choose this route.

At East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin, California, Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician and her highly qualified team help infertile couples realize the dream of having a family through the latest technology and most comprehensive consultation in the field of Reproductive Endocrinology. EBFC’s gestational surrogacy program is based on personalized care and support, every step of the way. EBFC only works with surrogates who come from a reputable agency or who are very closely connected (friend or relative) to the patients.

Hypothyroidism – Can it impact fertility?

2010-05-06T21:59:00.000-07:00

Sometimes infertility is caused by a condition of the thyroid known as hypothyroidism. Both men and women need to have enough thyroid hormone for a successful pregnancy. Thyroid secretion is essential not only for egg fertilization and development, but also for sperm production. Hypothyroidism along with infertility in a male causes low sperm count or the reduction of the sperm's lifespan. If a woman does not treat a thyroid problem, she is more likely to have a higher chance of miscarriage.

This tiny gland at the base of the neck can cause serious health complications if it is over or under active. Hypothyroidism can cause decreased sex drive, menstrual irregularities, failure to ovulate, miscarriage, premature childbirth and preeclampsia. For women, treating hypothyroidism is an important part of any effort to correct infertility. In fact many younger women with hypothyroidism become aware of this condition for the first time during a fertility evaluation.

Women who have been trying unsuccessfully to get pregnant for more than a year, have irregular menstrual cycles, or have had more than two miscarriages should talk to their doctors about screening for possible thyroid issues. A family history of thyroid disease is another reason to test.

How hypothyroidism influences fertility

Thyroid dysfunction can shorten the length of the luteal phase that leads to heightened risk of miscarriage early on in pregnancy. Decreased thyroid hormone causes low levels of progesterone. This inhibits thickening of the uterine wall, preventing the embryo from attaching. Some women with hypothyroidism also have polycystic ovaries or cysts on the ovaries which hamper ovulation and can cause fertility problems.

Symptoms and treatment

Fatigue and weight gain, irritability, quick heart beat, depression, irregular menstrual cycles, sensitivity to cold, and dry skin are all symptoms of hypothyroidism.

Treatment with oral thyroid hormone supplements will often correct the hypothyroidism and results in a return to normal ovulation and regular menstrual cycles.

For a woman having difficulty becoming pregnant and facing irregular menstruation, a simple blood test to check thyroid gland function is an important part of infertility evaluation during the very first check. An underactive thyroid gland can be easily treated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

Women who are pregnant or who desire to start a family need to start thyroid hormone therapy if they have a borderline thyroid function. This is to maintain a thyroid hormone level within high normal range during pregnancy. Uncontrolled hypothyroidism in pregnant women is likely to have long-term effects on the children they bear.The mother is the only source of thyroid hormones for the baby until the baby’s thyroid gland becomes fully functional after around 12 weeks of pregnancy. Hence a woman is at an increased risk of miscarriage, and the baby is at increased risk of developmental problems if she lacks sufficient thyroid hormones.

The good news is that most women with thyroid disease are able to have an uneventful pregnancy and healthy baby. East Bay Fertility Center California, offers a wide range of infertility treatments along with expert medical counseling to couples facing difficulty in conceiving. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and Reproductive Endocrinologist, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. Testing for thyroid dysfunction is a part of the basic infertility evaluation at the Center. With the right type of treatment and intervention, the Center assists couples who have been having problems conceiving to overcome those difficulties in the shortest possible time in order to realize their dreams of having a healthy baby. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Perimenopause - How it Impacts Fertility

2010-04-17T02:21:00.000-07:00

Perimenopause is a natural part of aging and includes the years leading up to menopause that could range from two to eight years, plus the first year after a woman’s final period. It’s a transition period that precedes menopause. During this phase, a woman typically experiences the first signs that she is nearing the end of her reproductive years. Perimenopause can begin as early as age 35 or as late as age 60, however it usually begins when women are in their 40s and 50s.

During perimenopause, a woman’s sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) begin to decline, due to which her cycles may become irregular often with wide and unpredictable fluctuations in level leading to diminished fertility levels.

Ovulation also becomes irregular with the ovaries releasing fewer eggs. Diminished ovarian reserve can occur in younger women due to perimenopause. Hence it becomes difficult to become pregnant.

Fertility options for women in the perimenopause stage

FSH

Some women experiencing perimenopause can use follicle stimulating hormone, or FSH to induce ovulation. Those with a good ovarian reserve can use FSH to stimulate ovulation and increase their chances of conception. FSH is often used in combination with IUI.

Clomiphene

Clomiphene citrate is a fertility drug that is often used during IUI procedures to help induce ovulation.

IVF

IVF is a successful fertility treatment option for women facing perimenopause where a fertilized egg is directly placed into the woman’s uterus. Particularly for women under the age of 40, IVF shows high success rates.

Egg Donation

The most effective treatment option for women going through perimenopause is egg donation which involves fertilizing an egg from another woman with the partner’s sperm. The egg is then implanted into the uterus allowing a woman to experience the whole cycle of pregnancy and childbirth.

Fertility-enhancing techniques are discouraged for women older than age 43 years, and are not recommended for women aged 51 years and above.

The most rapid decline in female fertility begins at about age 30–31 which is, on average, 20 years before menopause. This is not a well known fact and hence many women have planned their lives and careers based on the mistaken belief that their fertility will remain normal well into their forties. Age-related uterine changes also contribute to reduced fertility.

In today’s fast-paced, highly competitive lifestyle, it is no surprise that younger and younger women are facing symptoms of hormonal imbalance and perimenopause. So if you want to get pregnant you should see a doctor as soon as possible to preserve fertility in this stage.

East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin, California has an experienced team of doctors headed by Board Certified Reproductive Endocrinologist Dr Ellen Snowden. At the Center, couples get access to the latest technology and comprehensive consultation with fertility specialists. East Bay specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Sperm Allergy as a Cause of Infertility

2010-04-17T02:09:00.000-07:00

Sperm allergy or semen allergy known as human seminal plasma hypersensitivity can significantly affect a couple's chances of conception. It manifests as a condition where a man develops allergy to his own sperm (which happens sometimes after a vasectomy, testicular torsion, trauma or infection) or a woman can become allergic to her partner’s seminal fluid causing her mild yet unpleasant sperm allergy symptoms like soreness, burning, hives, itching etc. This may force the couple to use a condom which though one of the most effective ways to prevent the allergic reaction also ends up preventing pregnancy. Semen allergy is usually caused due to a reaction or allergy to certain proteins that are found in the partner’s semen.

A woman who is allergic to sperm may produce antibodies which fight the sperm cells (interpreted as a foreign presence in the body that needs to be eliminated) whenever they enter her body. These antibodies may completely disable the sperm cells and prevent them from reaching or fertilizing the woman's egg thus acting as an obstacle to conception.

Diagnosis and treatment

Often semen allergies are misdiagnosed as common yeast infection or herpes infection. Hence it’s important that a proper assessment and diagnosis is conducted. Once accurately diagnosed, couples can be treated successfully and fertility restored. The treatment regimen would include one of the following:

• Protein Desensitization is a process where allergy shots are given to the woman to desensitize her reaction to the proteins found in her partner’s semen. The injections are given once every 10-15 minutes for several hours. The desensitization treatment is concluded to have been successful if no reaction takes place during subsequent vaginal contact.

• Semen Desensitization is a cheaper but laborious fertility treatment option where a series of injections of diluted seminal fluid, at higher and higher concentrations are inserted into the vagina to desensitize it

• If desensitizing treatments prove to be unsuccessful, it is indicative of a very serious sperm allergy. The woman may then have to consider more radical treatment options of assisted reproduction methods such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in-vitro fertilization (IVF). These methods allow a woman to get pregnant without coming into contact with the proteins in her partner's sperm. Artificial Insemination with sperm that has gone through a protein removal process where they are washed free of semen protein is another treatment option.

It is important for women (and men) to consult with an OBGYN if they suspect that they have symptoms of sperm allergy. A proper line of treatment which might include assisted reproductive technologies (ART) will bring things back to normal, increasing chances of getting pregnant.

East Bay Fertility Center, California, specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and Reproductive Endocrinologist, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues.

Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation and for more details about infertility treatments and more.

Endometrial polyps - an Impediment to a Successful Pregnancy

2010-04-17T01:53:00.000-07:00

Uterine problems can sometimes affect fertility. Uterine polyps or endometrial polyps are localized overgrowth of tissues in the endometrium lining of the uterus that protrude into the uterine cavity. They may occur alone or in clusters. The precise causes leading to their development are not clearly defined. They are believed to form spontaneously due to hormonal factors or as a result of too much estrogen.

Polyp overgrowth in the uterine cavity may interfere with implantation and fertility by preventing the egg from implanting into the endometrial wall after it is fertilized. Also if the polyps are located near the area where the fallopian tube is connected with the uterus it will disable the sperm from entering the uterus.

Polyps can be identified by HSG or vaginal ultrasound. The incidence of these polyps rises with increasing age, is at its peak in the fifth decade, and gradually declines after menopause.

The smaller categories of polyps which are a few millimeters do not impact reproductive capabilities. However large polyps can interfere with reproduction by impacting implantation and fertility. There is also an increased possibility of miscarriages.

Symptoms and Treatment

Most women with endometrial polyps face no symptoms. Some others face irregular menstrual bleeding or excessive bleeding. Thus, abnormal bleeding episodes are the most common presenting factor related to the presence of endometrial polyps.

Some polyps disappear on their own. When removal becomes necessary, endometrial polyps are cured thorough curettage, specifically hysteroscopic-guided curettage. This technique, which involves removing the endometrial lining of the uterus, is especially successful in women who fall in the post-menopausal age group. Larger polyps are removed under general anesthesia to control possible bleeding. If numerous polyps are found, a hysterectomy may be recommended.

Women who get their uterine polyps removed are usually able to get pregnant thereafter with reduced risk of a miscarriage. If a woman undergoing IVF treatment is detected with uterine polyps, embryo transfer is recommended only after polyp removal.

At East Bay Fertility Center, California, couples dealing with infertility get access to the latest technology and comprehensive consultation with a reproductive endocrinologist and fertility specialists. At the Center, a hysteroscopy would be recommended if a patient's history or sonogram findings indicate the presence of a polyp or scar tissue inside the uterus. This is a minor procedure involving the passing of a small telescope through the cervix so the doctor can directly visualize the uterine cavity and remove the abnormal tissue.

East Bay specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

How Eating Disorders Affect Fertility

2010-03-19T02:10:00.000-07:00

Very often fertility problems can be traced to eating disorders and it is estimated that as many as one out of every five infertility cases are the result of unhealthy eating habits. Long periods of depleted nutrition and rapid weight loss interfere with hormonal balance which has an effect on the menstrual cycle and egg release and thus adversely affects fertility. Other infertility related problems that may arise among women with eating disorders include low libido, poor uterine environment, reduced egg quality (due to polycystic ovary syndrome) and ovarian failure.

Types of eating disorders

Anorexia nervosa is the most common eating disorder. It is a condition of food deprival in an effort to become thin. Characteristics of this self imposed starvation include a mortal fear of fatness leading to food avoidance, excessive exercise and a completely unhealthy eating regimen.

Bulimia nervosa on the other hand involves binge eating and then purging the food, either by vomiting or through the use of laxatives.

The other extreme condition is compulsive overeating where the person will binge on food but will not purge afterwards. This is often accompanied by feelings of guilt and shame since it involves the issue of overweight. Such women carry the risk of miscarriage due to the pressure on the body.

Since these are mental illnesses as well, anorexics, bulimics and compulsive overeaters are more likely to suffer from anxiety, stress and depression which in turn adversely affect their chance of conceiving.

Adverse effects on pregnancy

Even if a woman with an eating disorder does become pregnant, it is detrimental to the health of both mother and child. Continued avoidance of food leads to delayed fetal growth, gestational diabetes, jaundice, preeclampsia, premature labor, low birth weight and birth defects such as mental retardation and blindness. In the event that a baby is carried to term, such women tend to have problems with breast feeding and may also suffer from postpartum depression.

Women who are excessively underweight or overweight are susceptible to amenorrhea which is the cessation of menstruation. On a positive note, most women start menstruating again when they begin to gain weight and consequently achieve conception. Women identified with eating disorders should be counseled and treated for the eating disorder before further hormonal tests and infertility treatments are pursued. However regaining weight is not enough; eating patterns have to be normalized with a good distribution of eating healthy food at regular intervals.

Those struggling with an eating disorder are encouraged to consult with a gynecologist before trying to conceive. They will then be directed to a counselor and nutritionist to discuss a healthy pregnancy diet. It is best to wait until the disorder is under control before trying for a baby. The counseling sessions should ideally be continued post delivery.

East Bay Fertility Center helps couples cope with eating disorders that may be the underlying cause of infertility. As there are emotional issues involved, couples will be given one-on-one counseling to help overcome the situation. The Center offers a complete mind-body experience for couples facing infertility issues. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Egg Freezing – an Alternative to Beat the Biological Clock

2010-03-19T01:53:00.000-07:00

Egg freezing is a breakthrough technology for scores of women faced with the dilemma of career and family. It provides them an option to delay http://www.ebfertility.com/index.htmlwhile pursuing professional and personal goals. The 'biological clock' generally slows down by the late 30’s and early 40’s. The female egg quality declines with age. The option of freezing eggs extends fertility and offers women an alternative to store their eggs during their reproductive prime for use when they wish to start or expand their families after the age of 35. At this point the eggs are thawed, fertilized and transferred to the uterus as embryos. Unlike the ovary and eggs, the uterus does not age and can carry a pregnancy well in to the 40s and 50s.

The Process

The process of egg freezing (also referred to as Oocyte cryopreservation) is made up of the same steps that are involved in a typical IVF cycle: ovulation stimulation, ultrasound monitoring, and egg retrieval. The woman self administers hormone injections along with birth control pills to turn off natural hormones. Following this, hormone injections are given to stimulate the ovaries and ripen multiple eggs. The eggs are then retrieved and frozen. When the woman is ready for embryo transfer, the eggs are thawed, injected with a single sperm to achieve fertilization, and transferred to the uterus as embryos.

Other Issues

Until recently, freezing and thawing eggs without damage was a scientific challenge. The key requirement for a successful egg freezing program is a top of the line storage facility since the eggs have to be stored and maintained for a long period of time - anywhere from months to years after they are frozen. They have to be stored under proper conditions backed with controlled access, continuous monitoring and full-proof backup systems.

The ideal time to freeze eggs is when a woman is in her 20s or early 30s. After the age of 37 this procedure is usually not recommended since both the quality and number of eggs decline rapidly around then. Just how long female eggs can safely be stored before they can no longer be used for treatment is still a matter of debate.

Originally designed for women undergoing cancer treatment, egg freezing as a form of fertility preservation is a rather involved process but thanks to technological advances, is becoming more successful and popular world-wide. Egg freezing is still classified as an experimental technique by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and the process should be opted for after careful consideration.

The modern trend of waiting longer to have children has led to challenges in having a healthy pregnancy later on in life. Egg freezing helps women enjoy reproductive freedom while they pursue other priorities.

Expertise in the procedure

Since egg freezing is still a fledging technology with changes and innovations taking place rapidly, it should only be offered by experts in the field, who have the requisite experience and capability of conducting this delicate procedure. East Bay Fertility Center, offers the latest infertility treatment options strictly adhering to the guidelines of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) in all their procedures.

The Luteal Phase Defect issue in Conception

2010-03-19T01:35:00.000-07:00

When the body is unable to produce sufficient amounts of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle it is called a luteal phase defect (LPD). In other words, the endometrium does not respond appropriately to the progesterone stimulation due to which the endometrial lining is not sufficiently prepared for implantation.

The luteal phase refers to the second half of the menstrual cycle - the two-week period which begins after ovulation under the influence of estrogen and progesterone produced by the corpus luteum. If the luteal phase is shorter than 10 days or longer than 14 days, a luteal phase defect may be suspected. Luteal phase defect can impact fertility since a pregnancy cannot be sustained because the uterine lining begins to break down, bringing on menstrual bleeding and causes early miscarriage.

Causes and Symptoms

LPD could be attributed to more than one reason. Poor follicle production, premature demise of the corpus luteum, and failure of the uterine lining to respond to normal levels of progesterone are the three main reasons. Majority of women with LPD will have a normal menstrual cycle because of their regular periods. A few women may experience frequent but light periods.

For most women, the main cause of a luteal phase defect is low progesterone levels. A progesterone test is conducted seven days after ovulation to determine the exact deficiency. There are several ways of correcting this defect.

Diagnoses and correction of the defect

LPD can be diagnosed through the measurement of basal body temperature using a daily basis fertility chart. The basal body temperature of women with LPD does not stay elevated for the normal 12 days of the luteal phase of the cycle. Also, their next cycle will begin sooner than the normal 12 to 14 day time span.

Endometrial biopsy is another line of testing which involves the removal of a sample of the endometrium which is then studied under a microscope. This test checks to see if the endometrium can support implantation and growth of a fertilized egg. This is a test that must be done about three days before the start of the period.

On testing the progesterone levels if a hormone problem is identified, the doctor may suggest a fertility drug to see if the progesterone levels increase.
Luteal phase defects are easily treated with supplements and/or with prescription drugs. The most common prescription drugs for luteal phase defect patients are Clomid or progesterone suppositories. These are taken after ovulation has occurred until the 10th to 12th week of pregnancy - should one occur.

A luteal phase below 10 days cannot sustain a pregnancy since sufficient progesterone is not being produced. If a woman were to get pregnant with a luteal phase defect, she would most likely miscarry. However with the right treatment, fertility problems can be quickly handled. Depending on what is causing LPD, the appropriate hormonal drugs will be prescribed.

East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin, California, offers a wide range of infertility treatments along with expert medical counseling to couples facing difficulty in conceiving. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and Reproductive Endocrinologist, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. The center conducts endometrial biopsy which is a test for luteal phase defect and is one among the various female fertility tests offered. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Sperm Banks - How they help in Fertility Treatment

2010-01-29T03:31:00.000-08:00

A sperm bank collects, filters and stores sperm from donors for third party reproduction, mainly, artificial insemination. The need for donor sperm arises in cases where the woman's partner is infertile or the woman chooses to conceive without the participation of a partner. Donor sperm can be used in IVF or intrauterine insemination (IUI). A sperm bank is the facility from where the sperm of an anonymous donor can be purchased, that is then used by the fertility clinic for reproductive treatment processes.

Through a process known as cryopreservation, sperm samples can be frozen for future use. This process is generally used by patients who need to undergo cancer and other treatments that may destroy their future fertility.

Sperm donation through a sperm bank helps in the following circumstances
• When the male partner is sterile and unable to provide sperm sample for IVF or ICSI

• If the partner is experiencing low sperm count, poor motility or abnormal sperm morphology

• A couple may use a sperm donor to avoid passing on a genetic disease or disorder that is carried by the male sperm

• Single women and lesbian couples can take advantage of donor sperm to help them achieve the dream of having children

If a sperm donor is used in an IVF procedure, fertility medications are given to prepare the eggs for harvesting. Once retrieved, the eggs will be combined with the donor sperm and any resulting embryos will then be transferred back to the uterus. For women undergoing IUI, the donor sperm will be deposited directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation. With this method, it is possible to do two inseminations in one cycle, thereby increasing chances of pregnancy.

Donor sperm screening procedure
All sperm donors undergo rigorous personal medical testing to ensure the health of their sperm. At the time of donation, they are screened for different infectious and genetic diseases like hepatitis B, HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea etc. Sperm is then frozen and quarantined for six months. After the quarantine period, the sperm is then evaluated again for many of the infectious diseases it was originally tested for.

Legalities involved in sperm donation
While using sperm of an anonymous donor in a sperm bank, it is important that the couple or individual are given comprehensive orientation and even counseling to understand the psychological long-term effect of the process and to deal with the many legal questions and issues this procedure may throw up in the future. The choice of sperm donor is usually made based on factors such as his ethnic and/or racial background, physical characteristics, religion, education level and so on. The sperm donor does not have access to the woman's identity at any time. In some states of the USA, a child conceived through donor sperm may have the right to request identifying information once they reach their 18th birthday. However, the fact that sperm banks have had no claims for paternal rights arising from donors in more than 50 years of sperm donation in this country is a very reassuring thought.

East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin California offers the latest infertility treatment options including Donor Sperm Intrauterine Inseminations, strictly adhering to the guidelines of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) regarding the use of donor sperm.

Under the guidance of Reproductive Endocrinologist and Medical Director Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. The Center specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy.
Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation

Coping with Molar Pregnancy

2010-01-29T03:16:00.000-08:00

Molar pregnancies are a rare complication, classified as a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) caused by chromosomal abnormalities during conception in the fertilized egg, which leads to overgrowth of pregnancy tissue.

Molar pregnancies are of two types – complete and partial. Complete molar pregnancies occur when the sperm fertilizes an empty egg due to which no baby is formed. The woman assumes she is pregnant because the placenta grows and produces the pregnancy hormone, called HCG. An ultrasound will reveal that there is no baby, only placenta.

Though a partial molar pregnancy is likely to develop into a fetus, the abnormal placenta cannot sustain a pregnancy. The embryo does not develop at all or develops incompletely. A cluster of grape-like cysts grows in the uterus.

Women, who have had a previous molar pregnancy and those over 40, are at increased risks of encountering a molar pregnancy. Sometimes it can even occur after ectopic pregnancies or a normal pregnancy. Women from Southeast Asia, Mexico and the Philippines have higher rates of molar pregnancy than white US women. White women in the US are at higher risk than black women.

Why molar pregnancy can be a cause for concern
In about 20% of women who have had complete molar pregnancies there is the likelihood of two serious problems arising: an invasive mole or choriocarcinoma. Invasive moles are more common. Choriocarcinoma is a type of cancer that can develop at the placenta site and spread to the body. Though this cancer is a serious condition, it is almost always treatable with chemotherapy. Only 2 to 4% cases of partial molar pregnancies will develop either condition.

Symptoms and diagnosis of molar pregnancy
Bleeding, severe nausea and vomiting are some of the indications of a possible molar pregnancy. A blood test to measure levels of HCG confirms the diagnosis. However partial molar pregnancies can sometimes be more difficult to diagnose. In the event of a miscarriage of a suspected molar pregnancy, a pathologist may confirm the condition on examining the miscarried tissue.

Most of the time a molar pregnancy ends spontaneously when a grape like tissue is discharged. It is also possible to diagnose a molar pregnancy with the help of ultrasound which will reveal an abnormal placenta that appears like a bunch of grapes. When a molar pregnancy is detected by ultrasound, doctors usually recommend a D & C or medication in order to reduce risk of further complications. A small percentage of cases require additional treatment in the form of chemotherapy.

Treatment and follow-up

It is crucial for women who have had a molar pregnancy to be in constant touch with her doctor to monitor the situation since there is a likelihood of molar pregnancies recurring. A minimum of six months of regular follow-ups is recommended and doctors recommend waiting for a year before trying for another pregnancy to make sure that the uterus is free of molar tissue.

A molar pregnancy can be a trying, upsetting experience. Grief about losing a baby, combined with fear of cancer and other health complications is very unsettling. It is here that counseling can effectively tackle feelings of grief and loss.

The cure rate of molar pregnancy is usually very good with vast majority of couples going on to have healthy babies. Chemotherapy also usually does not impact fertility.

East Bay Fertility Center California, offers a wide range of infertility treatments along with expert medical counseling to couples facing difficulty in conceiving. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. With the right type of treatment and intervention, East Bay Fertility Center assists couples who have been having problems conceiving to overcome those difficulties in the shortest possible time in order to realize their dreams of having a healthy baby. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation

The Role of Progesterone for a Successful Pregnancy

2010-01-29T03:01:00.000-08:00

Progesterone a hormone produced by the ovaries helps prepare the uterus for pregnancy. It is first produced by the corpus luteum in the ovaries and later is maintained by the placenta. Healthy progesterone levels can help to maintain healthy estrogen levels, which are also crucial for achieving and maintaining pregnancy. Referred to as the pregnancy hormone, progesterone production is necessary for the safe maintenance of pregnancy. Progesterone supports pregnancy throughout the first trimester. In some women, a lack of progesterone may cause a spontaneous abortion

During pregnancy, progesterone is required for the following reasons:
• To keep the endometrium in a thickened condition for egg implantation

• To prevent the onset of uterine contractions

• To stimulate the growth of breast tissue and prevent lactation until after the birth

• To create a mucous plug that prevents bacteria from entering the uterus

After the egg is implanted in the endometrium, the growing embryo receives nourishment from progesterone produced by the ovaries. Around 8 weeks after implantation, the placenta takes over the production of progesterone and estrogen from the ovaries, producing substantial levels of progesterone to maintain a healthy pregnancy.

The failure of the corpus luteum to adequately support the pregnancy with progesterone can sometimes result in an early pregnancy loss. Progesterone levels may be monitored in such cases. In order to maintain a high progesterone level, injections, oral supplements and vaginal suppositories may be prescribed.

Progesterone in Fertility Treatment

Women who seek fertility treatment will most likely need to take a progesterone test. This test is also recommended for women with a history of miscarriages, stillbirth, unexplained infertility, and/or abnormal uterine bleeding.

Women facing infertility issues producing low levels of progesterone require progesterone supplementation to bring them into the safe levels. The type of fertility treatment used will determine the type of supplemental progesterone used. Progesterone is prescribed with in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments and other assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments. To prepare the lining of the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg, most women undergoing IVF will be given progesterone after the retrieval of her eggs. In an IVF cycle the progesterone needs to be replaced in the form of injections and/or vaginal suppositories. A complete progesterone supplementation may be necessary in most frozen embryo transfer protocols. Progesterone levels in the blood are monitored by blood draws and supplemental doses adjusted accordingly.

Progesterone is a vital component for a successful pregnancy and low levels of this hormone have been found in many women who have suffered recurrent miscarriages or who are unable to get pregnant. It is important that these women meet a fertility expert and discuss the possibility of progesterone hormone therapy to increase their chances of sustaining a healthy pregnancy.

East Bay fertility Center Dublin California, specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility, providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. East Bay’s experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. With the right type of treatment and intervention, the Center assists couples who have been having problems conceiving to overcome those difficulties in the shortest possible time in order to realize their dreams of having a healthy baby. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

How Therapeutic Donor Insemination Works

2010-01-06T04:36:00.000-08:00

Therapeutic donor insemination (TDI) helps couples facing significant sperm abnormality to conceive through IUI procedures. In this process, screened sperm from an anonymous donor is used instead of the male partner’s sperm thus making it a treatment of choice for those suffering from severe, untreatable male factor infertility or for males carrying a hereditary disease that may be dangerous to pass on to offspring. However, success rates of TDI decrease with increasing female age.

Who can benefit from TDI?

This procedure is recommended for couples who are experiencing male fertility problems such as:
• Azoospermia (absence of sperm)
• Poor sperm count and motility
• Erectile dysfunction
• Failed ICSI
• Residual effects from chemotherapy or radiation therapy
• Single women who wish to become pregnant
The TDI Process

In Therapeutic Donor Insemination, donor sperm that are thoroughly screened and frozen are inserted through a small catheter (tube) into the uterus at the time of ovulation. After the insemination is complete, the woman has to remain lying down for ten minutes or so. In two weeks a pregnancy test is conducted. Once pregnancy occurs, it is no different than one that occurs naturally with the same rate of complications as natural pregnancies.

Sometimes, couples undergoing IVF treatment fertilize the eggs with the help of donor sperm. Most couples try to find a donor who has a similar cultural background and religion.

Donor sperm specimens are frozen and quarantined for six months to ensure that the donor still tests negative for infectious diseases such as HIV and hepatitis after initial testing. This is necessary to make the specimen as safe as medically possible. The female is required to have a pelvic exam and is tested for sexually transmitted diseases and other diseases before undergoing TDI.

Infertility counseling is important for couples or women who consider TDI as a conception option in order to understand fully the immediate and long term psychological, emotional and social implication of using donor sperm.
East Bay Fertility Center offers TDI as an infertility treatment option, adhering to the guidelines of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) regarding the use of donor sperm. Before proceeding with TDI, a complete examination and basic lab tests are performed. Thorough screening of donor sperm is carried out as well.

East Bay’s experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Uterine Malformation as a Hindrance to Conception

2010-01-06T04:23:00.000-08:00

A small percentage of women face difficulties in conceiving due to a malformation in the uterus. A congenital uterine malformation is a deviation in the shape of the uterus that may occur during a woman's prenatal development. Some uterine malformations are present from birth, while others develop during the woman’s adult life.

Specific uterine malformations include septate uterus, bicornuate uterus, unicornuate uterus, arcuate uterus, didelphic uterus, or T-shaped uterus. The septate uterus seems to be the most frequent anomaly accounting for 30 to 50% of all cases, followed by the bicornuate uterus and unicornuate uterus.

A bicornuate uterus is a condition where the uterus, instead of being pear-shaped, is formed like a heart. This gives the embryo less space to grow than in a normally shaped uterus. Surgery may be performed to create a larger uterine cavity and to correct this condition. However unicornuate uterus and didelphic uterus cannot be surgically corrected.

Diagnosis of a Uterine Malfunction
The physician uses imaging techniques to analyze the character of the malformation in the uterus and they are generally revealed at the time of the first sonographic examination in early pregnancy. When the diagnosis is made at the beginning of pregnancy, preventive treatment such as taking rest, and periodic sonographic monitoring of the fetal growth are recommended.

However, unicornuate uterus is difficult to locate as also discrete forms of septate and bicornuate uterus. 3D ultrasonography seems the ideal method of imaging for uterine malformations. An evaluation of the uterine malformations should be accompanied by a renal investigation as there can be a direct association between the malformation and the kidneys.

Uterine Malfunction and Infertility
Patients with uterine malformations have higher rates of reproductive loss, preterm delivery, breech presentation and complications that increase obstetric intervention. The risk of breech or transverse presentation is higher, since normal rotation of the fetus in the uterine cavity is impeded.

It is seen that pregnancy outcome is poorer in the bicornuate and arcuate uterus groups. The incidence of miscarriages seems to be highest in the case of septate uterus. Early abortions can also be traced to uterine malformations.
However, uterine malformations are not the only factor responsible for infertility; this condition can increase the risk of endometriosis. Uterine problems are but one of the causes of infertility which can be revealed in the course of basic infertility tests.

Treatment of Uterine Malformation
Surgical intervention differs from case to case and depends on the extent of the specific problem. For a septate uterus, surgery is performed to remove the septum (wall). The procedure is performed either through hysteroscopy or laparoscopy. Once this corrective surgery is done, chances of conceiving are good.

At East Bay Fertility Center, California, couples dealing with infertility get access to the latest technology and comprehensive consultation with a reproductive endocrinologist and fertility specialists. East Bay specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Infertility as a Result of Adhesions

2010-01-06T04:15:00.000-08:00

Sometimes, infertility can be traced to pelvic scarring and adhesions. Infertility is caused when abdominal adhesions prevent the fertilized egg from reaching the uterus. Adhesions around the fallopian tubes can also make it difficult for sperm to reach the ovum. Tubal ectopic pregnancy is very often traced to adhesions in or around the fallopian tubes. Surgical intervention is needed to remove the adhesions which may be causing infertility.

What are Adhesions?
Adhesions or injuries are a type of scar tissue that may form between organs and tissues after a surgical procedure. Adhesions that form after surgery in the pelvic area and after surgeries to remove fibroids are among the leading causes of post-operative infertility. The main cause of intrauterine adhesions is trauma to the uterine cavity following a D&C procedure, prolonged use of an intrauterine device (IUD), endometritis and removal of fibroids in the uterus.

These injuries are typically caused by cauterization, suturing, and abrading tissues and organs during surgery. This internal trauma may lead to infertility and other issues. Once formed, adhesions need to be surgically removed. This means that adhesions that form in one surgery may require future surgery to cut through them to correct infertility or other complications.

Diagnosing Adhesions

Intrauterine adhesions may be diagnosed using an x-ray procedure called hysterosalpingography (HSG). Hysteroscopy is also another method of diagnosis where a hysteroscope (a thin telescope-like instrument) is inserted through the cervix to allow direct visualization of the uterine cavity. Both HSG and hysteroscopy can be performed without general anesthesia.

How are Adhesions removed?

Generally, trauma caused by intrauterine adhesions is removed with hysteroscopic guidance using instruments such as a laser, electrocautery device, or scissors. They are inserted through small incisions. Pelvic adhesions may sometimes be treated by laparoscopy. A laparoscopy is conducted under general anesthesia where the laparoscope is inserted into the pelvic cavity through a tiny incision made just below the woman's navel. After the adhesions are removed, surgeons recommend placing a device such as a plastic catheter temporarily inside the uterus to prevent the adhesions from forming again. Hormonal treatment with progestins estrogens and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed post surgery to lessen the chance of adhesion reformation.

Conception Chances

After treatment it is seen that patients with mild to moderate adhesions have full-term pregnancy rates of around 70 to 80 percent. Patients with severe adhesions may only have full-term pregnancy rates in the 20 to 40 percent range after treatment. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) is ideally suited for women with blocked fallopian tubes or pelvic adhesions.

East Bay Fertility Center specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. The Center performs extensive tests to find out the cause of infertility that also includes investigating suspected adhesions in the uterine cavity. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Testosterone Testing during Infertility Treatment

2009-12-02T00:38:00.000-08:00

Testosterone levels are an important factor in fertility. When infertility is suspected, testosterone testing may be recommended for both partners. It involves a blood test and in the male, the test primarily looks for a lower than normal level of testosterone since sufficient testosterone is absolutely critical for normal sperm production. A testosterone test may be used to see whether a problem with the testicles or pituitary gland is preventing a man from being able to father a child. If the testosterone level is abnormal that could also be the reason for erectile dysfunction. Low testosterone may be caused by an underlying hormonal problem such as a pituitary problem, a disease affecting the testes, or physical damage to the testes. Damage may be caused by physical injury, chronic alcohol abuse or a history of mumps.

Testosterone Testing in Women
Testosterone was once considered an exclusively male hormone; but research over the past decade has shown that this hormone also plays a crucial role in women's physical and psychological health. Endocrine abnormalities like increased testosterone levels are factors that affect female fertility.

A blood test to determine testosterone levels is recommended if a woman has irregular periods or none at all. Most of the testosterone in the blood is bound to a protein called sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Obesity or hyperthyroidism could lead to increased SHBG levels and therefore, "Free" testosterone may be checked when such conditions are present.

Testosterone and Infertility
Testosterone has an indirect impact on female fertility and female testosterone levels can be an indication for certain conditions that can cause female infertility. High testosterone caused by low estrogen or by ovarian cancer in females may be the root cause for many infertility related issues. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is another possible cause. Another symptom is anovulation (not producing mature egg cells), which leads to infertility. High testosterone does not cause infertility, but testosterone levels can rise in women because of tumors that develop in the ovaries or PCOS.

East Bay Fertility Center California, offers a wide range of infertility treatments along with expert medical counseling to couples facing difficulty in conceiving. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and Reproductive Endocrinologist, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. With the right type of treatment and intervention, the Center assists couples who have been having problems conceiving to overcome those difficulties in the shortest possible time in order to realize their dreams of having a healthy baby. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Endometrial Biopsy during Infertility Investigation

2009-12-02T00:29:00.000-08:00

In the course of infertility assessment, an endometrial biopsy is one diagnostic tool used to investigate hormonal imbalances that can lead to irregular cycles, frequent miscarriages, or even irregular uterine bleeding. It is indicated when diseases of the endometrium are suspected to be the cause of the infertility and also to find out how ready the endometrium is to accept the implantation of an embryo. The test analyzes whether the lining of a woman’s uterus can support a pregnancy. During an endometrial biopsy a soft, straw-like device (pipelle) or any other pliable instrument is used to suction a small sample of lining from the uterus. The endometrial lining is then analyzed in a lab for abnormal cells.

Problems with the endometrium are called “luteal phase defect", which is a hormonal disorder. An endometrial biopsy checks to see if the endometrium can support implantation and growth of a fertilized egg. The entire procedure takes less than 10 minutes and is far less invasive than a hysteroscopic procedure. The biopsy is usually done about three days before the start of the period. Prior to the biopsy, if a pregnancy is suspected, a pregnancy test must be done to rule out this possibility.

Endometrial biopsy and Infertility
In women with infertility issues, it is very important to know what causes this infertility. The outcome of an endometrial biopsy may determine whether there exists a progesterone deficiency, an estrogen deficiency, or a luteinizing hormone (LH) deficiency. Depending on the hormonal imbalance, a hormone supplement or a prescription drug may be recommended. The test can also be used to check for infection and if this is discovered, a D&C may be needed and/or treatment with antibiotics.

Thus an endometrial biopsy is sometimes necessary to determine the cause of infertility and in some cases the infertility can be reversed. This is a useful tool to detect hormone imbalance that may be the cause of infertility and the doctor will usually prescribe progesterone to relieve it. Thus by performing the simple endometrial biopsy for infertility, a couple may have well taken the first step towards having a child.

East Bay fertility clinic specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility. Their experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. A former infertility patient herself, Dr. Snowden brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Dealing with High-FSH levels and Pregnancy

2009-12-02T00:13:00.000-08:00

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates the female ovaries to produce a mature egg for fertilization. By measuring a woman's FSH levels, doctors get an indication of the quantity of the woman’s eggs remaining as well as her chances of having a successful pregnancy. Eggs are not replaceable as a woman is born with all of the eggs she will ever have. As she ages, the quality and quantity of the eggs decreases.

Declining ovarian function is indicated by an elevation of FSH levels. Increased levels are seen in primary or premature ovarian failure, sometimes referred to as early menopause. FSH levels are usually checked around cycle day three. The tests may show a rise or fall in FSH levels over a couple of months. A rise is an indication of a problem with a woman’s ovarian egg supply, leading to difficulties in treating infertility. This however does not mean that a woman with high FSH levels cannot get pregnant. Checking FSH levels assists in deciding upon treatment options. Along with FSH level, Estradiol levels are also tested since they are indicators of ovarian reserve.

By measuring the amount of FSH, doctors can suggest specific treatments (such as in-vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination) that could maximize the chances of becoming pregnant. Assisted hatching in IVF is also an option for women with elevated basal FSH levels who may also have a thickened wall around the egg called the zona.

Can FSH Levels be lowered?

FSH can be artificially suppressed by taking birth control pills or synthetic estrogen. However there are mixed reports whether these options are really beneficial. Research is currently underway to find a way of using stem cells to either create egg cells or to fabricate eggs using donated egg material and the woman’s DNA.

High FSH Levels – What they could mean

High FSH levels correlate with poor pregnancy rates. A normal FSH level is usually under 10, whereas an abnormal level is anything above 25. Measurements between 10 and 25 are generally considered to be borderline cases. FSH levels vary a bit across laboratories depending on which assay system is used. It’s best to retest the FSH in the new RE’s lab so that there is no confusion.

High FSH levels warrant an immediate treatment regimen since even a short delay in treatment could mean the difference between conceiving and not conceiving. This condition is also a case for considering using an egg donor.

For women, in their 20s or early 30s, high FSH may be due to immune abnormalities or an undetected infection. Sometimes the level returns to normalcy on its own. However the high FSH levels that occur in women age 38 and older are unlikely to be reversible.

East Bay fertility Center Dublin California, specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. East Bay’s experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. East Bay Fertility Center conducts FSH tests in the course of infertility tests to check the ovarian egg supply and recommends the best possible course of treatment.

Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Assisted Hatching – Conception Option for Older Women

2009-11-12T00:07:00.000-08:00

Assisted hatching is a good option for couples experiencing poor IVF outcomes or who have been diagnosed with a poor fertility prognosis. The procedure offers them a better chance for conception. It is a technique where an embryo is fertilized outside the womb via IVF and the zona pellucida or outer coating of an embryo is partially opened so as to assist the embryo to escape or hatch from the zona and improve implantation and pregnancy rates.

Sometimes IVF may not lead to positive results because of genetic abnormalities of embryos and abnormalities of the zona pellucida which may impair embryonic hatching.

Assisted hatching helps in overcoming these conditions.
Assisted hatching is recommended in case of advanced maternal age, for those who have had a number of unsuccessful embryo transfers and where embryos have increased zona thickness.

How Assisted Hatching is Performed
Assisted hatching is a very delicate procedure and can be performed only by a skilled micromanipulator or an embryologist. The embryo is held with a specialized holding pipette and a very delicate, hollow needle is used to expel an acidic solution against the outer shell or zona pellucida of the embryo. A small hole is made in the shell by the acidic solution and the embryo is then washed and put back in the incubator. Shortly afterwards, the embryo transfer procedure is initiated. This procedure may be accomplished chemically, mechanically, or with a laser.

Risks Associated with Assisted Hatching
Those opting for assisted hatching should be made aware of some of the risks associated with this procedure:
• A small risk exists of damage to the embryo during the micromanipulation process or at the time of transfer
• Risk of identical twins and in rare cases Siamese twins
• A greater chance of fetal complications
• It does add extra laboratory manipulation and therefore added costs

East Bay Fertility Center offers several IVF techniques, including assisted hatching in select appropriate cases. The Center assesses the possible benefits of assisted hatching before finalizing the process as part of a treatment plan. The patient is made aware of the risks and benefits of the procedure and consent must be given for an embryologist to use assisted hatching. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and Reproductive Endocrinologist, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues.
For couples who have attempted assisted reproductive procedures many times and for women, whose time is running out because of their age, assisted hatching offers hope of realizing their dreams of becoming parents.

Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) in Fertility Treatments

2009-11-11T23:57:00.000-08:00

For couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a procedure undertaken to screen the embryos for a host of genetic diseases and disorders to ensure the delivery of a healthy baby. PGD helps physicians to identify some genetic defects within the embryo, prior to implantation, before the pregnancy is established. The couple can then decide whether or not they want to continue with the pregnancy. The procedure was first conducted in 1988 and since then this technology is increasingly being used in fertility clinics in the United States.

PGD is normally recommended for couples where one or both of the parents are a known carrier of a genetic disease such as hemophilia. The procedure involves the removal of one or two cells from an embryo which are then screened for genetic abnormalities. PGD identifies the embryos with chromosome abnormalities, thereby avoiding their transfer during an in vitro fertilization procedure. The analysis helps to detect certain inherited or chromosomal diseases such as Down syndrome, Thalassemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia A, Tay-Sachs disease, and Turner syndrome among others, prior to implantation.

Most fertility clinics offer PGD in select cases such as:
• Women over the age of 35 who have had miscarriages or failed attempts at becoming pregnant through IVF
• Women who have repeated pregnancy loss due to genetic disorders or who already have one child with a genetic problem
• Any couple who have been unable to become pregnant through multiple IVF cycles
• Couples who wish to identify a tissue match for a sick sibling who can be cured with transplanted cells

For couples who are at risk of passing on serious inheritable genetic diseases to their offspring, a diagnosis before embarking on a pregnancy is preferable to medically invasive, emotionally demanding prenatal diagnostic techniques. However couples with genetic disorders should receive adequate counseling about the risks of misdiagnosis and the possibility of no diagnosis before going in for PGD.

East Bay Fertility Center California, offers a wide range of infertility treatments along with expert medical counseling to couples facing difficulty in conceiving. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and Reproductive Endocrinologist, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues.

At the center, PGD is offered as an option to couples who are at high risk of passing on a genetic disease to their children. The Center’s IVF experience and access to advanced genetic testing and counseling holds the promise of increasing the probability of a successful pregnancy outcome from an in vitro fertilization procedure and reducing the incidence of genetic disease. The use of this advanced genetic testing procedure allows only normal embryos to be transferred back into the uterus, providing a much better chance of achieving a full-term pregnancy with chromosomally healthy embryos.

The Embryo Toxic Factor in Recurrent Miscarriages

2009-11-11T23:45:00.000-08:00

One of the complex medical reasons for recurrent miscarriages may be traced to a condition known as embryo toxic factor (ETF). ETF is a cytokine secreted by the immune system’s white blood cells in response to pregnancy tissue. If excess amounts of cytokine are produced by white blood cells during pregnancy, the immune system may consider the embryo as a foreign body and try and eliminate it, thus leading to miscarriage. Embryo toxic factors have also been reported in women experiencing unexplained infertility and infertility associated with endometriosis.

Diagnosing Embryo Toxic Factor
Testing for embryo toxic factor is a complex laboratory experiment and is opted for only if other tests for miscarriage do not lead to any conclusive results. ETF testing is still considered an experimental testing.

A blood sample is first taken and the lymphocytes are cultured for several days. They are then combined with cultured mouse embryos and left to sit for a few days. Subsequently, a fertility specialist studies the embryo development in relation to how it has been affected by these lymphocytes. If the embryos have stopped developing or have died, it shows the presence of ETF. If the embryos are developing normally, the conclusion is that no ETF is secreted.

The Treatment Regimen

Women suffering from ETF usually have to engage in a multiple treatment regimen to avoid future pregnancy complications. Since the cause of ETF is an over-active immune response, the treatment for ETF revolves around immune system repression. This includes

Intravenous immunoglobin (IVIg) infusions which suppresses the production of cytokines
Vaginal applications of progesterone in suppositories or gel caps, taken until the sixteenth week of pregnancy

In case the woman is undergoing IVF treatment, progesterone oil injections may be given

Recurrent miscarriage is a condition that could be a sign of a more serious problem and a fertility specialist should be immediately consulted. East Bay Fertility Center California, offers a wide range of infertility treatments along with expert medical counseling to couples facing difficulty in conceiving. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and Reproductive Endocrinologist, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. East Bay Fertility Center specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy. With the right type of treatment and intervention, the Center assists couples who have been having problems conceiving to overcome those difficulties in the shortest possible time in order to realize their dreams of having a healthy baby.

Coping with Side Effects of Fertility Treatment Medication

2009-10-08T01:29:00.000-07:00

Fertility drugs are used extensively to stimulate the reproductive system; but they occasionally come with physical discomfort. Although there is a concern about an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer with the use of fertility drugs, studies have not shown a link between the two.

The most common fertility drugs include Clomiphene popularly known by the brand name Clomid, Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin, and Bromocriptine.

Clomiphene, taken as a pill daily, stimulates the pituitary gland to produce follicle stimulating hormones and luteinizing hormone, which is the hormone that triggers ovulation. The most common side effects of Clomiphene affecting 10 to 14 percent of patients are mild ovarian enlargement and hot flashes.

Clomiphene can also cause mood swings, dry cervical mucus, and stomach pain. A side effect that requires immediate attention is headaches or visual disturbances, especially “floaters” that cloud vision. Clomiphene can also lead to superovulation, which increases the chance of multiple pregnancies.

Human Menopausal Gonadotropin (hMG) is often used as an alternative if Clomiphene does not work effectively. Possible side effects from hMG include head aches and swelling or bruising at the injection site. In rare cases, women develop hyperstimulated ovaries, in which the ovaries become much enlarged. This is a serious condition signaled by sudden onset of severe pelvic pain, nausea, vomiting, or weight gain. If symptoms are severe, close monitoring, including daily weight measurements and ultrasounds may be necessary.

Bromocriptine is taken orally or as a vaginal pill. Side effects from Bromocriptine include headache, nausea, dizziness and low blood pressure. Patients who take the drug vaginally often report fewer side effects. In general, injectible fertility medications tend to have fewer side effects than oral fertility drugs.

One side effect that is common with fertility drugs is the risk of multiple births. The multiple pregnancy rate is 7-8% of Clomid patients and 30-35% of Gonadotropin (injectable) patients. The majority of these multiple pregnancies are twins.

Offsetting the Side Effects
Before taking any medication, discuss the side effects with your health care provider at length. Most side-effects are usually short-lived and are no cause for concern. Some simple measures that can be taken to minimize the discomfort of fertility drugs are listed below:
• Take the pills after intake of food to prevent abdominal upsets
• To minimize the discomfort of injections, topical anesthetic may be applied prior to the injection. Ice should not be used as it may affect the absorption of the medication due to decreased blood flow.
• Other common symptoms such as insomnia, mild ovarian swelling, breast tenderness and weight gain are normal symptoms where nothing much can be done
• Irritability, mood swings and all the extra pounds that a woman gains are also normal but a temporary phenomenon that go away in due course
• Get plenty of fluids, since even mild dehydration can lead to headaches
• Linking up with support groups helps to share common concerns and advice from those in similar situations.

Also keep in mind that each patient's drug protocol is unique, so no two women will have the same side effects with fertility medication.

Thousands of women undergo fertility treatment every year with no major complaints. When the end result is a safe pregnancy and healthy baby, most women forget the pain and discomfort that they experienced in the course of medication.

East Bay Fertility Center is well equipped with the latest infertility treatment options and offers comprehensive consultation in the field of Reproductive Endocrinology. The Center is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden a Board Certified Reproductive Endocrinologist and offers a complete mind-body experience for couples with fertility issues. Dr. Snowden brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility.

To learn more about East Bay’s infertility treatment options and counseling sessions, call 925.828.9235

Careful Embryo Transfer for a Successful IVF Outcome

2009-10-08T01:10:00.000-07:00

For a successful IVF outcome, the procedure of embryo transfer should be done with great care to ensure that the embryos are delivered gently inside the uterine cavity without any trauma. The process usually takes between 10 and 20 minutes. A carelessly performed embryo transfer can ruin the chances of conception.

Once the embryos are transferred, there’s nothing a patient can do to influence the outcome of her cycle. A few hours of bed rest after the transfer is required. It is important that physical activities be limited for the remainder of the day and the following day or two.

Conception depends upon the genetic quality of the eggs. Nature will only allow genetically perfect embryos to survive.

Ensuring a Safe Embryo Transfer
All along there was the misconception that the method of embryo transfer really did not affect outcome. However studies have proved that the key to IVF success is meticulous embryo transfer.

A dummy embryo transfer or a precycle trial transfer is sometimes recommended to ensure that a proper evaluation of the uterine cavity and utero–cervical angulation is done.

Some doctors perform the transfer under ultrasound guidance, to ensure proper placement of the embryos in the uterine cavity. Ultrasound guidance has many potential advantages. The full bladder required to perform transabdominal ultrasound guidance is helpful in straightening the cervical uterine access and substantially improves pregnancy rates.

Hindrance to a Successful Embryo Transfer
Uterine contractions, blood or mucus on the catheter tip, bacterial contamination of the catheter and expulsion of embryos are some of the main reasons for problematic and unsuccessful embryo transfers.

The surgeon who performs the embryo transfer has to ensure that any cervical mucus within the cervical canal is removed so that it does not stick to the catheter and inadvertently remove the embryo during catheter withdrawal. Cervical mucus can also be a source of bacterial contamination that could adversely affect the results.
The ultimate goal of a successful embryo transfer is to deliver the embryos with the least trauma to the uterine fundus in a location where implantation is maximized. It is here that the skill of the surgeon performing the embryo transfer influences the outcome of the procedure.

East Bay Fertility Center offers a wide range of infertility treatments along with expert medical counseling to couples facing difficulty in conceiving. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. East Bay Fertility Center specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy.

At East Bay embryo transfer is a completely painless process usually done three days after the egg retrieval. It is very much like a routine pelvic exam and involves the passage of a very small plastic catheter through the cervix. A tiny drop (20-30 microliters) of culture media with the microscopic embryos suspended within is deposited in the upper reaches of the uterus.

With the right type of treatment and intervention, East Bay Fertility Center assists couples who have been having problems conceiving to overcome those difficulties in the shortest possible time in order to realize their dreams of having a healthy baby.

Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Infertility Treatment & Ectopic Pregnancy

2009-10-08T00:57:00.000-07:00

Ectopic pregnancy is a well-known but relatively rare complication of assisted conception treatments. In a majority of ectopic pregnancies the embryo implants itself outside the uterus in the fallopian tubes. There occurs a space restriction as the embryo grows and eventually the tube ruptures. This is life threatening and necessitates removal of a portion of the fallopian tube or the entire tube itself. Thus the ability to get pregnant reduces significantly.

Ectopic pregnancy may also occur in the cervix, ovary, or abdominal cavity. There's no way of transplanting an ectopic (literally, "out of place") pregnancy into the uterus, so ending the pregnancy is the only option.

What are the Causes that Lead to an Ectopic Pregnancy?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which leads to scarring of the tubes, is the most common cause of ectopic pregnancy. Other factors that may lead to an ectopic pregnancy include:
• Tumors or cysts in the tubes
• Endometriosis
• Fibroids in the uterus
• Previous tubal surgery
• A previous ectopic pregnancy increases risk of a second ectopic pregnancy
• Women who have had assisted conception through IVF or IUI have an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
• Taking medication to stimulate ovulation increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy

IVF & IUI as Potential Causes for Ectopic Pregnancy

The chances of an ectopic pregnancy seem to be higher in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). They are at risk particularly if they already have problems affecting their tubes.

During IVF, ectopic pregnancy may occur if the embryos when transferred to the womb are placed too high in the womb cavity. The embryos then have a greater chance of "wandering" and implanting themselves in places where they are not supposed to be, such as the fallopian tubes. It is also possible that embryos may make their way into the fallopian tubes if they are injected into the womb with too much force.
During IUI treatment also when inserting sperm directly into the womb cavity the risk of an ectopic pregnancy developing in the fallopian tubes or elsewhere exists if the sperm is injected with too much force or is placed too high in the womb cavity.

Thus between 2 and 5 % of IVF treatments result in ectopic pregnancy. Those who become pregnant in the course of undergoing IVF or IUI treatment should be aware of and look-out for symptoms of ectopic pregnancy. Medical help should be immediately availed on experiencing any symptoms of ectopic pregnancy.

Treatment

Ectopic pregnancy can occur both with natural conception and with infertility treatment. Most ectopic pregnancies that happen in the course of IVF treatment are diagnosed early since such women are closely monitored. If it is diagnosed in the early stages it may be possible to use a drug to eliminate the ectopic pregnancy However, surgery may be the only treatment option if an ectopic pregnancy has gone past 6 weeks or if there is internal bleeding. Surgical options include laparoscopy or laparotomy. Removal of the tube (salpingectomy) remains a necessity in emergency cases.

Successful pregnancy after an ectopic pregnancy is possible. Even if one tube was injured or removed, an egg may be fertilized in the other fallopian tube before entering the uterus. If both tubes were injured or removed, IVF is a viable option. In this procedure, mature eggs are fertilized in the lab and then implanted into the uterus.

At East Bay Fertility Center, ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed very early allowing a choice between two forms of treatment: laparoscopic surgery to remove the ectopic or an injection of methotrexate to dissolve it. Under the guidance of Reproductive Endocrinologist and Medical Director Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. The Center specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy.

Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation and for more details about infertility treatments.

Female infertility Due to Fallopian Tube Damage

2009-09-02T00:46:00.000-07:00

A common cause of female infertility is due to blockage and scarring of the fallopian tube. This condition prevents the egg from traveling to the fallopian tube and onward to be implanted in the uterus. Blockage of the tube increases the chance of ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg settles in the fallopian tube rather than the uterus.
Fallopian tube block can be caused by untreated pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), endometriosis and sexually transmitted diseases. Sometimes it can be caused by scar tissue that forms after pelvic surgery. Other potential causes of blocked fallopian tubes include a previous history of uterine infection caused by an abortion or miscarriage, a history of abdominal surgery or a ruptured appendix.

The common tests to diagnose infertility due to fallopian tube damage include
• A hysterosalpingogram (HSG) which is a medical procedure where radio opaque dye is injected through the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes. A special X-ray machine then scans the pelvic region to diagnose fibroid tumors, scar tissue, an unusually shaped uterus or blockages in the fallopian tubes.
• Laparoscopic surgery is sometimes performed in order to diagnose tubal factor infertility. This involves making a small incision in the abdomen. A tiny camera is then inserted into this incision, allowing the surgeon to view the fallopian tubes.
Treating Tubal Factor Infertility
Tubal factor infertility can be treated through IVF or fallopian tube surgery.
Invitro Fertilization (IVF)
IVF is recommended for women suffering from tubal factor infertility. IVF involves fertilizing an egg outside the fallopian tubes and then implanting the embryo inside the uterus. Chances of pregnancy through this process are quite high.
Fallopian Tube Surgery
Surgery to remove scar tissue, adhesions and fallopian tube blockage is another option although subsequent pregnancy rates do vary.
A reproductive endocrinologist (fertility specialist) is best suited to take the decision about which of these therapies are to be opted based on several factors, the most significant factor being the degree of tubal damage, the age of the female, and whether other infertility factors (male or female) are present.
For women with significant damage to the ends (fimbria) of their tubes, one IVF attempt offers a better chance of a viable pregnancy than surgery ever will and at a lower overall cost.
East Bay fertility Center Dublin California, specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. East Bay’s experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. East Bay Fertility Center performs tests to check the extent of fallopian tube blockage or damage and recommends tubal surgery if necessary. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Azoospermia – A Cause of Male Infertility

2009-09-02T00:37:00.000-07:00

Azoospermia is the complete lack of sperm in the ejaculate and is one of the most severe forms of male factor infertility. Since azoospermia does not have any symptoms, it often comes as a surprise to a couple planning parenthood. This condition does not rule out the possibility of fathering a child. New techniques are now being perfected to help men with azoospermia become a parent to biological children.

Azoospermia is of two types:
• Obstructive Azoospermia that occurs when a blockage in the duct system prevents sperm from mixing with the semen.
• Non-Obstructive Azoospermia occurs when there is a problem with the actual production of sperm within the body and is generally attributed to hormonal imbalances.
Causes of Azoospermia
Failed sperm production is often the result of hormonal abnormalities, undescended testicles or vascular trauma to the testes or to the blood vessels within the testes.
Sperm transport problems are often caused by infection including STDS, by congenital absence of Vans Deferens which are tiny tubes that carry sperm to the urethra for ejaculation or due to a previous vasectomy procedure that prevents the sperm from mixing with the ejaculate.
Diagnosis

The initial semen analysis reveals if there is a problem with sperm production or there is a blockage preventing sperm from reaching the ejaculate. A medical evaluation of a male suspected to be suffering from azoospermia includes:
• A thorough physical examination
• Semen analysis
• Blood tests that include a testosterone and FSH level
• A complete review of medical problems, past surgeries, medications and family history

A testis biopsy under local anesthesia may be performed if the above procedures fail to throw light on the sperm production problem.

Treating Azoospermia
There are ways to treat azoospermia and possibly restore fertility in men suffering from the condition. Treatment options include:
• removing blockages in the duct system
• using medications to restore hormonal balances
New methods of surgical sperm removal are now available, wherein small quantities of sperm can be removed from the testes or around blockages. These include:
• PESA (Percutaneous Sperm Aspiration), in which sperm is taken directly from the epididymis.
• MESA (Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration), in which sperm is retrieved in higher numbers from the epididymis.
• TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction), in which a small tissue sample is taken from the testicles in order to retrieve viable sperm.
Thus even if there are no sperm in the ejaculate, sperm can often be harvested and used to achieve fertilization. Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) like IVF and ICSI manipulate sperm in a controlled manner and greatly facilitate infertility treatment.

It is important not to give up hope when confronted with azoospermia. A consultation with an infertility specialist for treatment options is the immediate step to be taken. East Bay Fertility Center located in Dublin, California is well equipped with the latest technology and offers comprehensive infertility consultation. The Center is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden a Board Certified Reproductive Endocrinologist and offers a complete mind-body experience for couples with fertility issues including male infertiity.

Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

When to Consult a Reproductive Endocrinologist

2009-09-01T22:35:00.000-07:00

When the basic treatment for fertility related problems as recommended by an obstetrician/ gynecologist (OB/GYN) do not seem to work, it may be time to start seeing a Fertility Specialist, also called a Reproductive Endocrinologist (RE) who may recommend advanced treatments and medications. The OB/GYN treating infertility usually recognizes the limits of their capabilities and makes appropriate referrals to more specialized care whenever necessary.

Who is a Reproductive Endocrinologist?

Reproductive Endocrinologists complete the same education and medical requirements as OB/GYNs. In addition, they also finish a two- to three-year fellowship in reproductive endocrinology, pass specialized examinations (board certified) and complete a two-year practice in reproductive endocrinology. Thus they are the physicians with the broadest range of qualification, training, specialization and experience in treating reproductive disorders. In fact Board Certification in reproductive endocrinology infertility is the only sure identifier of a trained fertility specialist.

Reproductive Endocrinology combines reproductive medicine and endocrinology, which focuses on organs of the endocrine system and the hormones they produce. These specialists also deal with issues related to menstrual disorders, puberty-related problems and sexual dysfunction as well as the treatment of transsexuals and intersexed individuals undergoing hormone treatment.

A Positive Step towards Infertility Treatment

The decision to consult a RE is a proactive, tangible step towards addressing fertility issues. Board certification is important when choosing a reproductive endocrinologist. At the first visit the RE will ask about the patient’s medical history, any diagnostic procedures that have been done so far, and procreative efforts to date. The RE then specifies the tests which are necessary to be performed.

Who Should Consult a Reproductive Endocrinologist?

In general, women aged thirty-five or older if experiencing fertility issues should seek specialty care from a reproductive endocrinologist as their fertility can decline rapidly. Staying with their OB/GYN for far too long expecting positive results is the error most couples make, thus wasting valuable time. Younger women can also experience premature menopause, termed “declining ovarian reserve”. Such a condition, as also disorders like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), male factor infertility, fallopian tube disease and severe endometriosis all warrant immediate consultation with a reproductive endocrinologist.

Often patients hesitate to consult a fertility specialist due to cost concerns. But since appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment are ordered early in the evaluation during a consult with a specilist, it leads to effective treatment options and ultimately to overall savings in cost. Patients under the care of a reproductive endocrinologist are more likely to conceive, and in a much shorter period of time.

East Bay fertility clinic (http://www.ebfertility.com/) specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility. Their experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. A former infertility patient herself, Dr. Snowden brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Coping with Premature Ovarian Failure

2009-09-01T03:36:00.000-07:00

Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) is the loss of ovarian function in women under the age of 40. In such a condition, the woman does not ovulate (release an egg) each month. This can be due to a dysfunction in the ovaries. If a woman suffers from POF, it becomes very difficult for her to conceive.

It is difficult to pinpoint an exact cause for this condition. There are however, some causes that may likely be identified as the cause for POF. These include:

Genetic factors
Exposure to chemotherapy and radiation
Autoimmune disorder
Hysterectomy with both ovaries removed
Thyroid dysfunction
Viral infection
Inadequate gondaotropin secretion or action

Some of the symptoms of POF are:

Irregular periods
Hot flashes and night sweats
Decrease in sexual drive
Irritability
Painful sex
Thinning and drying of vagina

Treatment Options for Women with POF

Options for women who have POF and desire to have children include using donor eggs, going in for fertility treatments or adoption. Sometimes Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) has aided in helping women achieve pregnancy. For women with POF and their families, emotional support is as important as medical treatment for dealing with the condition. With the correct fertility treatment there is hope of getting pregnant. Between 5 percent and 10 percent of women with POF do become pregnant, even without fertility treatment.

POF and Fertility

Egg donation offers significant hope for those desiring pregnancy and is generally the only fertility option available. POF does not affect a woman’s uterus, which means she may be able to carry a child. Egg donation makes it possible to combine donor eggs and sperm in a laboratory, and then place the resulting embryos into the uterus of a woman who has POF. IVF is also used to help in conception. New research on POF may offer more alternative treatment options over the next few years.

If you think you have POF, talk to your gynecologist or reproductive endocrinologist about the possible treatment options. East Bay fertility Center Dublin California, (www.ebfertility.com) specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. East Bay’s experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women.

Treatment options are pursued based on all known parameters and the preferences of the couple. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

How Pesticides Can Impact Fertility Levels

2009-09-01T03:34:00.000-07:00

Environmental threats to male reproduction was first discovered around 30 years ago when sperm formation was shown to be severely impaired among agricultural workers and pesticide manufacturers. It is a well documented fact that exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides, insecticides and herbicides can decrease sperm production and quality. Among men seeking infertility treatment, those who were exposed to pesticides were most likely to have a very low sperm output. What’s more, sperm concentration, output and morphology were all significantly worse in men more frequently exposed to pesticides.

Those living and working on a farm land, mixing and applying pesticides – including insect killers, weed killers as well as fungal killers and fungicides are potentially in danger of experiencing a low sperm count.

The Pesticide-Fertility Connection

It is important to note that many of the studies conducted on pesticides only examined people who live in an agricultural area or regularly work with pesticides. Therefore, an average person is not likely to have such a high-exposure to these chemicals. However the danger lies in the fact that even a low-level of exposure to pesticides has been found to cause health problems.

As infertility rates continue to rise in many countries, more and more studies are directed at possible environmental factors such as the effect of various chemicals, toxins and pesticides as a potential cause of infertility. Most tests have revealed alarming results. Pesticides have an adverse effect of causing health and reproductive problems in people who are continuously exposed to these strong chemicals. Here is a sampling of various findings:

Chlorpyrifos has been found to cause autoimmune responses whereby the body attacks the sperm or egg
DDT and chlordane are of particular concern as they have both been found to reduce sperm counts
Many pesticides have proven links with reduced sperm counts, including ethylene dibromide (pesticide), kepone (pesticide) and DBCP (agricultural nematocide)
Exposure to pesticides also leads to decreased levels of testosterone in men.

Pesticides in the home include indoor insect repellants and pesticides used in the garden. The combined exposure of using both types can be significant.

It’s not just men, but women also whose fertility may be disrupted by pesticide exposures. Women who live near crops on which pesticides have been sprayed may have anywhere from a 40 to 120% increased risk of miscarriage.

Tips for Safeguarding Fertility from Pesticide Exposure

If your work involves handling chemicals consider if you can reduce the number of hours you are exposed to them. If this is not possible always wear gloves and a mask for protection.
If you intend to put pesticide on your lawn and you are planning a baby see if there is someone else who can do the job for you
Consider using organic fertilizers since they don’t carry a chemical risk.

Fertility Treatment Options

There has been growing concern about the effect pesticides may have on the delicate human reproductive system, and particularly on the quality of sperm. If you discover you are pregnant and you live near an agricultural area where pesticides are being used, it is advised you remove yourself to avoid exposure to these chemicals.

East Bay fertility Center, Dublin, California, (www.ebfertility.com) specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility, providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. Treatment options are pursued based on all known parameters and the preferences of the couple.

Secondary Infertility – Causes and Remedies

2009-09-01T03:30:00.000-07:00

Secondary infertility is a term used to describe a condition where a woman who was able to conceive naturally in the past has difficulty conceiving another child. This is a fairly common problem that can be attributed to a number of factors such as low sperm count, endometriosis, damaged fallopian tubes, ovulation problems, fibroids or change in partner.

In some cases, medical tests indicate that the cause of secondary infertility is a combination of factors shared by both partners.

Age as a Cause of Secondary Infertility

The most common cause of secondary infertility may be age. There is a marked decrease in fertility by 35 years of age. By age 45 the chances of natural conception are extremely low. Thus the possibility of becoming pregnant decreases with rising age. Moreover, a woman's eggs suffer chromosomal damage as they age; the older the eggs, the less likely they are to become fertilized or go to term. Some women also go through menopause at an early age; this may also be a cause of secondary infertility.

Some experts in the field of human reproduction have suggested that male fertility is also affected by age and that male fertility starts declining after the age of 35.

Stress and Secondary Infertility

Stress may also be a factor affecting fertility. Studies show that if a man already has a low sperm count, stress worsens this condition. While stress itself does not cause infertility, the process of "trying" to become pregnant can be stressful, especially on your relationship. The stress levels are often the result of infertility, not the cause of it.

Diet and Lifestyle

Being either underweight or overweight can affect fertility. Smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol has also been found to affect fertility.

Chronic Illness

Chronic illness can also lead to secondary infertility. High blood pressure, diabetes and asthma can affect fertility. Sometimes chemotherapy or radiation treatments for cancer can reduce a person’s fertility.

Remedies for Secondary Infertility

There are a number of steps that can be taken when confronted with secondary infertility to improve chances of conception. The first obvious step is for both the partners to get a complete medical check up done.

Things may change after the birth of the first child. For instance one of the partners could now have a low sperm count; hormones could be out of sync etc. Taking control of the situation and opting for the right line of treatment will help in surmounting the condition.

If faced with fibroids, endometriosis, vaginal infections and pelvic adhesions – all potential causes of secondary infertility - get treatment for these issues which can sometimes successfully cure infertility.

Fertility treatments may be the next line of treatment for curing secondary infertility. A referral to a reproductive endocrinologist for appropriate treatment may be necessary. Initially the fertility specialist will prescribe medications to help conceive another child. If this proves ineffective, more advanced treatments may be necessary.

On a Positive Note

The good news is that secondary infertility is more likely to be treatable than primary infertility. Consult with a specialist, and faithfully follow the prescribed treatment plan, and you can be sure that you'll have another baby soon.

East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin, California (www.ebfertility.com) has an experienced team of doctors headed by Board Certified Reproductive Endocrinologist Dr Ellen Snowden and offers the most comprehensive line of treatment and intervention for secondary infertility. East Bay Fertility Center makes sure that couples who have been facing problems conceiving a second time will successfully overcome the problem in the shortest possible time and realize their dreams of having a healthy baby. Call 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Infertility Support Groups

2009-08-04T23:52:00.000-07:00

For couples dealing with infertility, it is extremely important to connect with other people who understand exactly what they are going through. Family and friends at best can only offer solace. Infertility support groups provide the link to interact with others who are dealing with similar challenges and medical conditions. The emotional and physical strains that the infertility treatment process brings about and the anguish of putting up with continual cycle failures are extremely overwhelming for couples.

Professional counseling groups and online infertility forums prove to be of great support and help in coping with infertility. Sometimes just knowing other people are in related situations helps. Infertility support groups can be either a local group that meets at regular intervals or an online forum offering a channel to express concerns and get information from others in a similar situation.

How Can Infertility Support Groups Help?
• Support groups foster positive feelings and inspire hope in those suffering from infertility or have endured pregnancy loss
• They provide members with resources and information about different fertility treatment options
• These support groups help foster long-lasting friendships with like minded people who can offer emotional support and comfort
• They guide you on how to cope with infertility and provide a safe environment to talk
• Members are able to discuss their experiences more openly and freely with other individuals.

There are numerous online fertility support groups providing support and encouragement to those struggling to cope with infertility related issues. Many online support groups also conduct workshops and classes and occasionally have group meetings.

Infertility support groups are ideal for both primary and secondary infertility cases as well as those who have the hope that some day they will experience parenthood. Members get support on issues such as adoption options, becoming foster parents and getting up to date knowledge about the latest treatment options all of which propel them back into a positive frame of mind.

You are not alone!

There are hundreds of different infertility support groups to guide couples through their infertility journey. Many are run by trained social workers while others are run by people who have themselves been diagnosed with infertility. Local health care practitioners and infertility specialists are useful resources to locate a good support group. It also helps to check online and to check the hospital bulletin boards and the local press.

It is crucial that infertility issues are addressed on time or they may leave couples feeling utterly worthless and cast a shadow over their self-esteem and confidence. Infertility support groups are an important part of the healing process for individuals and couples coming to terms with their condition. Most support groups are run by people with a genuine desire to help ease through this difficult time and get on with life, offering hope that some day, pregnancy will become reality.

East Bay Fertility Center (www.ebfertility.com) located in Dublin, California is well equipped with the latest infertility treatment options and offers comprehensive consultation in the field of Reproductive Endocrinology. The Center is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden a Board Certified Reproductive Endocrinologist and offers a complete mind-body experience for couples with fertility issues. A former infertility patient herself, Dr. Snowden brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility.

To learn more about East Bay’s infertility treatment options and counseling sessions, please log on to http://ebfertility.com/Infertility_Counseling.html

Unexplained Infertility

2009-08-04T23:51:00.000-07:00

Unexplained infertility is a fairly common medical condition which indicates a failure to determine a credible underlying cause of infertility despite a thorough evaluation of both the male and female partner. Knowing that you’re infertile is tough enough, but not knowing the underlying cause for the problem can be extremely painful to reconcile with.

The diagnosis of unexplained infertility is a difficult process involving a series of exclusion and elimination based on a large number of infertility tests making it an extremely frustrating experience.

Doctors are now of the opinion that unexplained infertility is probably caused by a small problem in each partner, affecting the chances of getting pregnant. These problems are so subtle that they don’t show up on current tests. This means that a clinical problem exists but the probable cause for this problem remains elusive.

Possible Factors Leading to Unexplained Infertility

Abnormal fallopian tubes
Abnormal eggs
Prematurely Aging Ovaries Syndrome
Weak sperm
Immune System Problems
Emotional Distress

Possible Treatment Options for Unexplained Infertility

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) – Under this assisted reproductive technology, the fertilization process is initiated by collecting sperm from the male partner and releasing it into the female partner’s uterus.

In-vitro Fertilization (IVF) – This process is followed for women who have faulty fallopian tubes or ovaries. The process involves placing the egg and the sperm in a dish and once fertilized, the embryo is placed into the woman’s uterus.

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation - Intrauterine insemination in conjunction with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is often used as first-line treatment for couples with unexplained infertility. The treatment involves using drugs to make the woman's ovaries produce eggs and inserting her partner's sperm directly into her womb.

For those grappling with a diagnosis of unexplained infertility, the good news is that medical science has made great inroads in cutting down the incidence of this condition. On-going research is tipped to further reduce the incidence of unexplained fertility in the coming years. Moreover studies reveal that very often such couples conceive naturally over a three year period.

East Bay fertility Center, Dublin, California, (www.ebfertility.com) specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility, providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. At East Bay, our reproductive endocrinologists conduct a detailed review of the entire infertility evaluation when couples approach us with a prior diagnosis of unexplained fertility. This can sometimes reveal an error made in either testing or interpretation in which case we recommend further investigation into questionable fertility factors. Treatment options are pursued based on all known parameters and the preferences of the couple.

East Bay’s experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. Call us at 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection for Infertility Treatment

2009-08-04T23:47:00.000-07:00

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, or ICSI, is used to treat couples who have fertilization issues if the male partner has very low sperm count, low sperm motility or poor-quality sperm. ICSI is used to enhance the fertilization phase of in-vitro fertilization (IVF), giving couples a better chance of achieving conception. ICSI may also be used to treat a condition called azoospermia, which is the complete absence of sperm in the man's ejaculate. In such a scenario, Epididymal Sperm Aspiration and Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) may be used to obtain sperm from the male's reproductive tract. These sperm are then used in conjunction with IVF and ICSI.

The ICSI Process

The first step in ICSI involves selecting a normal-appearing sperm for injection into a mature egg. The woman is given fertility drugs to stimulate her ovaries to develop several mature eggs for fertilization. Once the eggs are ready, the sperm is inserted into the egg using a micropipet. The eggs and the sperm are fertilized in the laboratory. If fertilization occurs after ICSI, the embryo may then be transferred into the uterus on either Day 2, 3 or 5 of embryo development. The number of embryos to be transferred will vary depending on age, quality and prior experience with IVF. Extra embryos, if there are any, may be frozen in case this cycle isn't successful or can be used for a future pregnancy. Around two weeks later, the woman can take a pregnancy test.

The Genetic Issue in ICSI

Doctors advise men who have little or no sperm in their semen to conduct genetic testing before the ICSI procedure. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection carries with it a small probability of bringing about genetic risks. Although the likelihood of congenital malformations in children conceived with ICSI is marginally low, it is nevertheless important to share this information with couples opting for ICSI. Some genetic disorders can be identified with specialized testing before an embryo is transferred. Therefore, couples are advised to consider genetic counseling to learn their potential for having a child with birth defects.

With increasing number of clinics opting for ICSI, the clinical pregnancy rates for ICSI is much higher than those achieved using conventional IVF methods. This technique has opened the doors of parenthood to many couples who were confronted with male infertility issues. ICSI has revolutionized treatment for severe male factor infertility since the procedure requires only one healthy sperm to potentially achieve fertilization.

East Bay Fertility Center (www.ebfertility.com), California, offers a wide range of infertility treatments along with expert medical counseling to couples facing difficulty in conceiving. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. East Bay Fertility Center specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy.

With the right type of treatment and intervention, East Bay Fertility Center assists couples who have been having problems conceiving to overcome those difficulties in the shortest possible time in order to realize their dreams of having a healthy baby.

Call us at 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation or visit our website at www.ebfertility.com for more details about infertility treatments and more.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Affecting Infertility

2009-06-01T00:50:00.000-07:00

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, also called PCOS, is an endocrine or hormonal disorder and is the most common cause of infertility in women. PCOS may affect a woman's menstrual cycle, hormones, insulin production, heart blood vessels. and finally appearance. If the quantity of male hormones is more than that of female hormones in a woman’s body then she is likely to suffer from PCOS. This growth of PCOS adversely affects the ovulation rate of a woman and can cause irregular ovulation.

PCOS restricts the growth of ovarian follicles and as a result these follicles are not able to release eggs. The follicles are left with less time to reach maturity and they continue to grow as small size cysts (fluid-filled sacs) in the ovaries. However women with cysts need not necessarily have PCOS.

Symptoms of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

The main symptoms of PCOS that doctors look for while diagnosing the causes of infertility include:

• Irregular and/or no ovulation which means no eggs to be impregnated
• Irregular and/or no menstruation
• Increased growth of hair on the face, chest, stomach, back, thumbs, or toes
• High levels of male hormones, also called androgens
• Severe acne, oily skin, or dandruff
• Considerable pelvic pain
• Weight gain or obesity, especially extra weight around the waist
• High cholesterol level and high blood pressure
• Type 2 diabetes
• Male-pattern baldness or thinning of hair
• Skin discolorations around the genitals, chest and arm pits
• Growth of skin tags, or tiny flaps of skin in the armpits or neck area
• Sleep apnea i.e. excessive snoring and occasional stoppage of breathing while sleeping
• Insulin resistance

All of these symptoms need not be present for the diagnosis of PCO. The tests to confirm the suspected diagnosis include:

1. A reverse FSH/LH ratio performed on Day 3 of the menstrual cycle
2. Characteristic appearance of the ovaries on a pelvic ultrasound
3. Characteristic appearance of the ovaries when visualized surgically by laparoscopy or laparotomy

Treatment for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

As per the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, treatment procedures for PCOS differ from one patient to another based on symptoms and whether the woman wants to conceive or needs contraception. A detailed look at the symptoms and family history is essential to start appropriate treatment. Controlling the symptoms of PCOS is the best cure to reduce the risks associated with it.

To control the side effects of PCOS a healthy diet and regular exercise are crucial. The remedies for Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) include:

• Contraceptive pills: Not exactly a cure for PCOS, these pills regulates menstrual periods, reduce male hormone levels and acne growth. But once the pills are discontinued, the menstrual cycle tends to again become abnormal.
• Diabetes Medications: Medicines for type 2 diabetes such as Metformin, also called Glucophage, regulates glucose, decreases testosterone production, slows down abnormal hair growth and normalize ovulation after a few months of use.
• Fertility treatments: The lack of ovulation is the main fertility problem for women with PCOS. However, before starting with fertility treatment it is essential that sperm count and the partner’s tubes are checked to make sure they are open.
• Ovarian Drilling Surgery: This surgery, considered the last treatment option, is used to induce ovulation. This helps in reducing male hormone levels and aids ovulation. However, the surgery carries a risk of developing scar tissue on the ovary.
• Maintaining a healthy body weight: Healthy weight lowers glucose levels, restores regular periods and uses insulin more effectively. It has been proved that losing even a small amount of weight can help balance hormones and restore fertility.

If the normal course of treatment for PCOS does not yield positive conception results, it is essential to seek out the care of a Reproductive Endocrinologist. East Bay Fertility Center (www.ebfertility.com), California, offers a wide range of infertility treatments along with expert medical counseling to couples facing difficulty in conceiving. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician, medical staff at East Bay provides dedicated treatment for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. East Bay Fertility Center specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy.

With the right type of treatment and intervention, East Bay Fertility Center assists couples who have been having problems conceiving to overcome those difficulties in the shortest possible time in order to realize their dreams of having a healthy baby.

Call us at 925.828.9235 for a free initial consultation or visit our website at www.ebfertility.com for more details about infertility treatments and more.

Smoking Vs Infertility

2009-05-31T23:52:00.000-07:00

Infertility arises because of many reasons such as problems in the ovaries and uterus and fluctuations in hormone levels which reduce the chances of conceiving. In addition there are external factors that could contribute to infertility. Smoking is one of them.

The link between Smoking and Infertility

Latest studies show that a considerable amount of infertility cases are the after effect of smoking. Smoking can cause severe side effects both in men and women. Women smokers have higher risk of affecting their reproductive ability and further increasing the chances of cancer in their offspring because of alterations in the genes and chromosomes.

Women who have tried to get pregnant with In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and those who have been smokers in the past produce fewer eggs with IVF than non smokers. In addition, smokers also experience reduced capacity of fertilization of the eggs and increased chances of miscarriages with IVF. The reason might be nicotine, found in cigarettes, which have adverse effects on the follicles that are necessary for the induction of IVF.

Smoking during Pregnancy

The pregnancy rates of women smokers are greatly affected by nicotine. Moreover, smoking negatively influences not just the mother, but the baby as well. Even before delivery, smoking can harm a fetus exposed to nicotine while in the womb causing low birth weight, poor lung function and several other problems. The nicotine in cigarettes obstructs the flow of oxygen needed for healthy growth to the baby's blood. Needless to say the chances of a healthy pregnancy can be improved by keeping the body smoke free.

Effects of Smoking on Female and Male Fertility

Some of the negative consequences of smoking on the female reproduction ability include:

Damage to the fallopian tubes that produce healthy eggs

Lower rates of fertilization of the eggs with IVF

Chances of reaching menopause early by 1 to 4 years

Increased risk of unprompted abortion and ectopic pregnancy

Alterations in ovum

Likelihood of occurrence of cancer in the babies of smoking parents

Significant consequences of smoking contributing to male infertility include:

Decreased sperm count in men

lterations in the sperm morphology, sperm strength and quantity of ejaculated semen

Infertility caused by changes in the series of DNA in sperm cells

Infertility itself can be cured with the help of treatments and medications and IVF success rates are higher in women that have quit smoking. Fertility improves considerably in women who have quit smoking. Couples planning on starting a family and particularly those experiencing problems while conceiving should make a maximum effort towards cessation of smoking..

East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin, California (www.ebfertility.com) offers personalized medical counseling and treatments for infertile couples. The clinic’s experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician who is Board Certified in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology. East Bay Fertility Center provides comprehensive infertility services and motivates infertile patients throughout their course of infertility treatment. East Bay specializes in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation and gestational surrogacy.

Visit our website http://ebfertility.com/ to know more about different treatment options that we provide.

Is Laparoscopy Beneficial for Endometriosis?

2009-05-30T03:45:00.000-07:00

Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure and an advanced tool that is used in different areas of medical science; infertility treatment being one of them. Endometriosis, one of the most common causes of infertility, and a painful disorder in a women’s reproductive system, is usually treated using laparoscopy.

What is Endometriosis?

The abnormal growth of endometrial cells outside the uterus that attaches to other organs in the pelvic cavity such as the fallopian tubes and ovaries is known as Endometriosis. The endometriosis implants will bleed during the menstrual period. As the tissues become enlarged, inflammation may cause pain. One of the possible reasons for endometriosis may be excess estrogen levels in a women’s body. There is an increased incidence among family members suggesting a genetic component to the disease. Endometriosis may affect fertility in many ways. Some of these include:

1. The over-production of prostaglandins which are hormones that plays an important role in the fertilization of the egg and implantation of the embryo.
2. Ovulation disturbances due to involvement of the ovaries
3. Pelvic scarring restricting the tubes and ovaries
4. Painful intercourse resulting in decreased frequency
5. Immunological abnormalities leading to an increased risk of miscarriage

Laparoscopy as a Treatment Option for Endometriosis

In women with moderate to severe endometriosis, laparoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for endometriosis-related infertility, as it leads to better pregnancy rates. It is unclear whether mild disease is similarly impacted by laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopy is conducted to confirm the diagnosis and remove adhesions caused by endometriosis.

Laparoscopy, considered as one of the least invasive surgical treatment option that is available today, is usually done under general anesthesia. The procedure includes insertion of an instrument that has a tiny camera attached to it with a light, known as laparoscope, through a small abdominal incision. More than one incision may be required for inserting other surgical instruments for better access.

The Need of Laparoscopy

While treating Endometriosis, Laparoscopy is usually carried out for checking and treating the following:

• Examining the pelvic organs causing pelvic pain.
• Removal of endometriosis implants and scar tissues.
• Removal of endometriosis cyst on an ovary (endometrioma).
• Endometriosis pain after a hormone therapy.

Disadvantages of Laparoscopy used for Endometriosis

Though laparoscopy is a great tool, it does have certain drawbacks when it comes to diagnosing Endometriosis. A laparoscopic surgery is not always helpful to patients of endometriosis on a long term basis. There might be some accidental damage to the surrounding organs while the doctor maneuvers the instruments inside the body. There are also chances of the incision getting infected at times.

A Positive Note

The heartening news is that having endometriosis does not automatically mean that you will never have children. Rather, it means that you may face problems in the journey towards parenthood.
At East Bay Fertility Center, California, (www.ebfertility.com) an experienced team of doctors headed by Dr Ellen Snowden specialize in examining and treating potential causes of both male and female infertility including Endometriosis diagnosis and treatment. The process of treatment starts with free initial consultation with East Bay’s infertility specialist followed by a thorough diagnostic evaluation. The next step would be to identify the problem and start with the treatment.

With the right course of treatment and medical intervention, East Bay Fertility Center is committed to assisting couples facing problems conceiving. The goal is to help them overcome their infertility problem in the shortest possible time and realize their dreams of having a healthy baby.

For more information on fertility treatment options log on to http://ebfertility.com/

Getting Infertility Health Insurance

2009-05-06T00:02:00.000-07:00

For couples seeking infertility treatment, the cost of treatment is very often a matter of concern and is a driving factor that ultimately influences treatment options. Infertility treatments are expensive and place a considerable financial strain on couples. It is critical to understand the type of coverage your insurance policy provides for infertility treatment and the eligibility criteria, since an absence of insurance coverage would mean paying for the treatment from your own resources which can be a very daunting possibility.

What is Infertility Insurance?

Infertility insurance is a type of health insurance which helps you pay for your fertility treatment. Your Infertility Health Insurance plan might cover a range of fertility treatments, including diagnostic fertility tests, artificial insemination, and other types of assisted reproductive technology (ART). You need to make sure that you understand what is and what is not covered under your infertility health insurance completely. Every infertility health insurance plan is different, so it is important to look around and compare factors such as annual deductible amounts, premium costs, and other services offered before buying a plan. Some policies do not include infertility diagnosis, while some do not cover the actual treatment.

Need for Infertility Insurance

Infertility Health Insurance policies are helpful in managing the total cost associated with infertility treatment which otherwise can be very expensive. Health insurance for infertility has become increasingly popular, particularly as most of the infertility treatments involve complicated medical procedures making these treatments expensive. The more information you gather about infertility insurance options before starting treatment, the better it is. Some of the infertility treatments that are covered under common infertility insurance are IUI, IVF, ZIFT and GIFT.

Different Types of Infertility Insurance Policies

There are two major types of infertility health insurance:
• Standard Health Insurance: It provides you specific fertility coverage in return of a monthly premium.
• Refund Programs: Under this program between 70% and 100% of the money is paid back to you if you do not have a baby at the end of the fertility treatment.

Who Can Get Infertility Insurance?

Though infertility insurance varies from insurer to insurer, there are certain criteria, following which one can get infertility insurance. They are:
• Couples should be under the age of 40
• Couples should have faced fertility problems for a specific period of time
• Couples should be policy holders for at least one year

California based East Bay Fertility Center (www.ebfertility.com) offers a number of financial packages to make the cost of infertility treatment affordable. Diagnostic testing and IUI may be covered by insurance depending on the diagnosis reports. East Bay Fertility Center accepts the following insurances: Blue Cross, Blue Shield, Cigna, and United Healthcare. Corporate discounts are also available. The cost for testing and treatment will be reviewed with each patient at the time of the free initial consultation.

We understand how important the financial considerations for all our patients are. To provide the highest level of comprehensive care and service, we explain the costs of treatment and the extent of insurance coverage much before the actual treatment starts.

East Bay Fertility Center is contracted with the following insurance plans:
• Aetna Medical Insurance Plans: Aetna provides coverage for diagnostic infertility services to evaluate the possible causes of infertility and treatment thereafter, only if such coverage is provided under a member’s benefits plan.
• Insurance Plans with Hill Physicians: They are a network of physicians who are committed to offer the best in healthcare.

At East Bay Fertility Center, we value this precious time of your life and help achieve your dreams of becoming parents faster and with the least inconvenience, starting from the tests to the treatment.

Eating Healthy During Fertility Treatment

2009-05-05T03:42:00.000-07:00

A variety of lifestyle factors affect the fertility potential of individuals. Since infertility is a physical problem, a healthy diet plays a vital role in enhancing fertility. Studies have shown that certain foods can regulate the hormones that affect the production of eggs and sperm. A good diet also helps in maintaining a healthy weight, which can greatly impact fertility. Women who are underweight or overweight may have a harder time becoming pregnant because body fat levels do have an impact on the production of sex hormones. It is imperative that in the course of infertility treatment, a healthy diet and lifestyle is maintained.

Tips for Healthy Eating During Infertility Treatment

What you put into your body has a huge effect on the functioning of your reproductive system. A well balanced, nutritious diet is therefore essential for the formation of a healthy embryo especially while undergoing infertility treatment. Below are some natural approaches and lifestyle adaptations that should be followed in the course of fertility treatment, and maintained throughout pregnancy and thereafter:

• Eat a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, eggs and nuts to get all the different kinds of essential nutrients
• Choose foods that are high in fiber
• Include enough vitamins and minerals in your daily diet
• It is absolutely essential to have lots of water since it’s an important fertility food
• Intake of calcium-rich foods to get 1000-1300 mg of calcium in your daily diet
• Eat enough servings of iron-rich foods everyday to get 27 mg of iron daily
• Choose at least one good source of vitamin C every day, such as oranges, grapefruits, strawberries, etc. to get the daily dose of 70 mg of vitamin C
• Choose at least one good source of folic acid every day, like dark green leafy vegetables, veal, and legumes such as lima beans, black beans, black-eyed peas and chickpeas
• Choose at least one source of vitamin A every other day such as carrots, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, spinach, water squash, turnip greens, beet greens, apricots, and cantaloupe.

Foods to be Avoided During Infertility Treatment

• Alcohol should be avoided since it can decrease sperm count and increase the production of abnormal sperm. Alcohol may cause premature delivery, mental retardation and birth defects.
• Caffeine intake should be limited. Try and substitute your daily cup of coffee with green tea that has antioxidants, which aid in healthy immune systems.
• The use of sweeteners should also be limited
• The intake of trans fats from margarine, doughnuts and other processed foods should be limited
• It is recommended to replace processed foods with whole grains, fruits, and vegetables
• Avoid eating shark, swordfish, king mackerel, or tilefish as they have high levels of mercury
• Avoid soft cheeses such as feta, Brie, Camembert, blue-veined, and Mexican-style cheese. These cheeses are often unpasteurized and may cause Listeria infection.
• Avoid raw fish, like oysters and clams
• Avoid acidic foods

Ensure that raw vegetables and fruits are washed thoroughly and cook ready-to-eat meats (like hot dogs) and leftovers until steaming hot.

Exercise

Along with a balanced and nutritious diet, it is important to undertake a moderate exercise regimen to improve the chances of conception. Exercise helps to burn off excess body fat, allowing hormone levels to return to normal. However over exercising can actually impair fertility. Exercises like swimming, walking and cycling are recommended.
It's important to eat right at all times and especially if you are trying to conceive. Eating right does play a major part in improving fertility along with maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and keeping stress under control.

California based East Bay Fertility Center (www.ebfertility.com) provides expert medical counseling and different infertility treatment options. Our medical staff headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician provide personalized and comprehensive services for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. Infertility can be attributed to the male or the female or to both. East Bay Fertility Center conducts tests to determine the exact fertility problem and suitable fertility treatments are then recommended.

For free initial consultation please call us at 925.828.9235 or visit our website at www.ebfertility.com for more details about infertility support, treatment and more.

How Fibroids Can be a Cause of Infertility

2009-05-05T03:26:00.000-07:00

One of the commonly occurring medical conditions generally overlooked as a cause of infertility is the presence of uterine fibroids. It is possible for a woman with a fibroid to conceive and carry the baby to term. If left untreated, it is likely that the fibroid will continue to grow. When the woman decides she wants to add to her family, the increased size of the fibroid may be a factor in her inability to conceive.

Fibroids are non-cancerous tumors that develop in and around the uterus. Fibroids are a common occurrence and it is estimated that around 25 percent of women in their childbearing years have signs of fibroids. A woman may have a single fibroid or multiple fibroids which may be located on the exterior or interior uterine surfaces or within the wall of the uterus. Fibroids are generally detected by a pelvic examination or an ultrasound.

The exact cause of fibroids is still unknown but it seems to be related to a gene that controls cell growth. When this gene is not functioning properly, cells grow and divide at an accelerated rate leading to a mass of cells or fibroid. Other causes for development of fibroids are the abnormalities in the blood vessels around the uterus and changes in chemicals in the body that cause tissue to grow.

Fibroids sometimes interfere with fertility and create complications while trying to conceive because of the growths. The symptoms of fibroids include heavy menstrual flow, pelvic pressure and bladder or bowel problems.

How Fibroids can lead to infertility

Fibroids can lead to fertility problems in a number of ways. Though uterine fibroids are considered harmless they sometimes affect fertility by blocking or distorting the fallopian tubes or by affecting the passage of sperm from the cervix to the fallopian tubes. Submucosal fibroids are the type most likely to cause fertility problems or miscarriages because of their location inside the uterine cavity. Sometimes they grow into the uterus, filling it and even growing out of the cervix. They project into the womb cavity and greatly disrupt its shape. These fibroids ultimately act as a foreign body and make the uterine environment hostile for an embryo to implant correctly. It may affect the proper growth and development of the embryo thus increasing the risk of an embryo to miscarry.

Treatment includes medications, which can help shrink the fibroids and surgery to remove the fibroids. There are two types of surgery options for the treatment of fibroids: Myomectomy in which fibroids are removed from the uterus and hysterectomy which involves removal of the uterus.

Myomectomy is the treatment of choice for women who want to have children, because it usually can preserve fertility, enabling her to retain her child-bearing ability. But this treatment is at the expense of increased risk of fibroid recurrence. Hysterectomy is commonly performed when large fibroids are the problem. By removing the uterus during hysterectomy, the possibility of fibroids returning is eliminated.

An entirely new approach to treating fibroids is by uterine artery embolisation (UAE). This involves a radiologist passing a very thin catheter into a blood vessel in the groin and guiding it toward one of the arteries that lead to the fibroid. The small artery is blocked off leading to shrinkage of the fibroid. This procedure, if proven effective, would be a welcome alternative to hysterectomy, which removes the uterus. However, because of newness of this procedure, long-term effects are still not known and it is not generally recommended for women wishing to preserve their fertility.

Doctors are working on less invasive measures and on drugs to treat fibroids. For those who face fertility issues, one of the initial tests that are recommended to be done is to test for fibroids.

East Bay fertility Center Dublin California, (www.ebfertility.com) specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility, providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. At East Bay Fertility Center, skilled fertility specialists treat fibroids and other obstructions before starting with fertility treatment, including IVF. East Bay’s experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women.

The Link between Obesity and Fertility

2009-04-02T11:27:00.000-07:00

Obese women are known to face difficulties in trying to get pregnant, usually taking a longer time to conceive, regardless of their age and regular menstrual cycle. Women who are obese have a greater risk of pregnancy-related problems. Obesity is found to damage a woman's embryos and stops them from developing further. Obese women may face alterations in their ovaries which could be one of the reasons that cause an egg's inability to become an embryo.

It is believed by the medical world that the characteristics of the eggs are determined by the environment in which they develop within the ovary. Obese women have unexpectedly high levels of fats and inflammation in the fluid surrounding the eggs, which affects an egg's capacity of developing. The accumulated fat in a woman’s body alters the sensitive metabolism of the egg that has an adverse impact on the embryo formation.

With an altered ovarian follicular condition and increased metabolite and androgen activity levels, obese women have enough reasons for their poorer reproductive systems. Obesity causes blood lipid changes and higher inflammation rate which can impact not only fertility but also a person's general health. According to studies, a woman is obese if she has Body Mass Index (BMI) that is more than 35.

Effects of obesity on fertility and pregnancy:

Obese women face major health risks during pregnancy. Obesity has been linked to the following infertility and pregnancy complications:
• Reduced ovulation rate
• Preeclampsia that is caused due to increased blood pressure during pregnancy
• Stillbirths
• Reduced chances of conceiving naturally
• Increased risk of miscarriage, pregnancy complications and congenital anomalies
• Long term affect on mother and child’s health
• Gestational diabetes
• Cesarean sections
• Pregnancy hypertension

Obesity can also lead to post-pregnancy complications such as urinary tract infections, endometrial infection, urinary incontinence and injuries that do not heal easily.

Possible Treatment Options for Obesity

There are a variety of obesity treatments available to women. Following are the recommended treatment options for obesity:
• Dietary therapy: the diet of the individual is modified and closely monitored
• Physical therapy: the individual is introduced to a moderate exercise program
• Behavior therapy:this includes correcting the eating disorder and other behavioral disorders of the individual
• Drug therapy: medications including drugs are provided in conjunction with physical and dietary therapy
• Obesity surgery: In some severe cases of obesity, gastric bypass surgery is also recommended

East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin, California offers counseling services not just to couples who are facing difficulties in conceiving but also to obese women with fertility issues. Our medical staff at East Bay Fertility Center helps you stay motivated throughout the infertility treatment. In addition to the infertility counseling services, we specialize in providing infertility treatments such as in-vitro fertilization, insemination, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection, egg donation, gestational surrogacy.

Please visit our website www.ebfertility.com for details to know about different treatment options that we provide.

Myths Related to Infertility

2009-04-02T10:54:00.000-07:00

Taboos and myths surround what is not completely understood, and infertility is no different. To better understand infertility, it is important to differentiate between myth and fact since infertility myths can cause emotional and mental stress to infertile couples and their loved ones.

Infertility by itself is a sensitive issue and when confronting with false information the situation becomes even more difficult to handle. Myths can be resolved with appropriate understanding and educating ourselves with correct information about infertility. Here are some of the common myths and
misconceptions related to infertility:

Myth: Infertility is a woman's problem
Fact: It is important for couples to realize that the causes of infertility are almost equally shared by female and male partners. The surprising factor concerning this myth is that infertility is a female problem in 35 percent of the cases, a male problem in 35 percent of the cases, a combined problem of the couple in 20 percent of cases, and unexplained in 10 percent of cases, according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Thus it is critical that an infertility evaluation should involve both the man and the woman.

Myth: It is a personal failing
Fact: Infertility makes the affected person experience a sense of inadequacy that affects his or her self-esteem. Those that perceive the condition as a personal failing are advised to connect with others facing similar challenges, as well as consider professional infertility counseling.

Myth: Infertility is caused by stress
Fact: Being stressed is one of the reasons that most people believe that is causing infertility. In fact infertility is a medical problem, a condition of the reproductive system which by itself causes tremendous stress to the couple. Stress is a result and not a cause of infertility. So while yoga, going on vacation, and other de-stress options can improve overall well-being, these changes in lifestyle will not solve an infertility condition which requires medical intervention.

Myth: Infertility is caused by an unhealthy lifestyle
Fact: While a healthy lifestyle certainly helps at the time when you are trying to become pregnant, it does not cure infertility. Unhealthy lifestyles that include bad eating habits, smoking, drinking, and STD can affect fertility, but infertility is not the result of an unhealthy lifestyle.

Myth: Only older couples face infertility
Fact: With growing age, the ability to become pregnant decreases. The late teens and 20s are considered to be the peak fertile period for women. This starts dropping by the mid 30’s. But infertility does affect men and women of all ages. The good news is that majority of infertile patients do conceive with the appropriate treatment.

Myth: Infertility treatments end up resulting in twins or triplets
Fact: It is a fact that fertility treatment very often leads to multiple pregnancies. This is because fertility drugs stimulate the ovaries to produce more than one egg at the same time, increasing the chance of multiple pregnancies. However, the majority of women taking fertility drugs still have single pregnancy. With advanced treatment options, the risk of conceiving multiples is minimized.

East Bay Fertility Center Offers a Complete Mind-Body Experience for Fertility Couples

Dealing with infertility is in itself challenging and exhausting without having to deal with myths and falsehood surrounding the condition which would only aggravate anxiety. Finding the right physicians and counselors to guide you through this unfamiliar territory is very important.

East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin, California helps you break the “infertility walls” by providing personalized medical counseling and treatment for infertile couples. We provide comprehensive services for infertility and reproductive endocrine issues. Our experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician who is Board Certified in Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology. She brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility.

To know more about our treatment options and counseling sessions, please log on to our website www.ebfertility.com .

Is the Recession Leading to Postponement of Parenthood Plans?

2009-04-02T10:35:00.000-07:00

People are willing to spend whatever it takes to fulfill their dreams of having a family. But in these tough economic times, deciding to postpone having a child or adding to the family is a natural consequence as women struggle to hold on to their jobs and job prospects are uncertain. With the economy putting strain on finances, employers cutting benefits, savings dwindling and the cost of raising and educating children at an all time high, prospective parents are now filled with doubts about their ability to provide for children.

A fall out of the economic situation is that many people are losing their health insurance. The financial crisis is taking a personal toll on couples who have no option but to consciously decide to postpone parenthood till the economic downturn improves.

But there are many who advocate that parenthood decisions should not be tied to finances or economic cycles. There are optimists who suggest that in fact women who suddenly find themselves out of work without much chance of finding work in the near future might well decide that now is the time to have a baby.

Link between Recession and Birth Rates

Historically, the birth rate declines when there is a national crisis or recession. In the USA, during the Great Depression, the total fertility rate (TFR) reduced to 2.1 children per woman in 1936 and during the inflationary oil crisis decade of the 1970s the TFR set an all-time low record of 1.7. Obstetricians expect to see a drop in pregnancies in the coming months, especially among middle-class families with shrinking incomes.

Impact of Recession on Infertility Patients

But for most couples seeking infertility treatment, time is not on their side with those opting for treatment mostly in their 30’s. Most of them cannot wait for an economic recovery to happen, or for credit to free up as it could mean they may never have children, due to age-related declines in fertility. The economic recession may persist a few years, but for most couples with infertility issues, the biological clock does not stop tickling down.

How has the recession affected fertility clinics?

So far fertility clinics seem to have been untouched by the economic slide with consults for new IVF patients holding steady. It seems that people still hold family to be most important in their priority list in spite of the financial difficulties they have to deal with. Reproductive medicine is thriving despite the troubled economy, and most couples are ready to take on the physical, financial and emotional challenges that treatments bring about.

In the current scenario, there is an urgent need to devise solutions to make treatment more affordable and accessible for infertility patients. Some private clinics are offering money-back guarantees, where patients will receive a refund if they fail to conceive within three cycles of infertility treatment. Most health insurance does not cover fertility treatment and there is an urgent need to ease the financial burden of those who are opting for IVF and other infertility treatment towards their pursuit of having a baby.

Dublin, California based East Bay Fertility Center (www.ebfertiltity.com) has always empathized with couples struggling to find ways to finance their infertility treatment. East Bay Fertility Center offers in-house financing in order to make the cost of treatment affordable. East Bay Fertility Center also has arrangements with financial institutions that provide financing to their patients. Diagnostic testing and IUI (artificial insemination) may be covered by insurance depending on the diagnosis. Corporate discounts are also available and the cost for testing and treatment will be reviewed with each patient at the time of the free initial consultation.

Endometriosis – A Primary Cause of Female Infertility

2009-03-10T04:07:00.000-07:00

Endometriosis, one of the common organic causes of female infertility, is a condition in which endometrial tissue, the tissue that lines the inside of the uterus, grows outside the uterus and gets attached to other organs in the abdominal cavity such as the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Symptoms of endometriosis include abnormal menstrual bleeding, severe pain during menstrual periods, painful urination, and pain during or after sexual intercourse. Endometriosis is a progressive disease that tends to get worse over time.

Prevalence of Endometriosis

Endometriosis is estimated to affect over one million women (estimates range from 3% to 18% of women) in the United States. It is one of the leading causes of pelvic pain and reasons for laparoscopic surgery and hysterectomy in the country. The condition is more prevalent in white women as compared with African American and Asian women.

Endometriosis affects women in their reproductive years with most cases diagnosed in women aged around 25-35 years. It has also been reported in girls as young as 11 years of age. Endometriosis is rare in postmenopausal women. Again, many women may have the condition but without any symptoms.

Diagnosis of Endometriosis

After a medical history and pelvic exam is completed, a laparoscopy is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of endometriosis. The physician then classifies the endometriosis condition as stage 1 (minimal), stage 2 (mild), stage 3 (moderate) or stage 4 (extensive) based on the amount of scarring and diseased tissue found. The best line of treatment is then worked out based on the stage of endometriosis, and may include medication or surgery, or a combination of both.

How Does Endometriosis impact fertility?

The reasons for a decrease in fertility among women with endometriosis might be due to both anatomic and hormonal factors. The presence of endometriosis may involve masses of tissue or scarring (adhesions) within the pelvis that may distort the Fallopian tubes. The scarring and adhesions that takes place may mean that the ovaries and fallopian tubes are not in the right position, so the transfer of the egg to the fallopian tubes cannot take place. Again it also affects the safe passage of the egg down the fallopian tube to the uterus.

Endometriosis is an autoimmune disease and can be associated with other autoimmune issues that can lead to implantation failure and pregnancy loss.

Endometriosis may affect fertility because of the over-production of prostaglandins which are hormones that play an important role in the fertilization of the egg and implantation of the embryo.

Endometriosis may also result in the formation of ovarian cysts called endometrioma that may also interfere with ovulation.

Since painful intercourse is often an outcome of endometriosis, it reduces the chances of conception.

Treatment Options for endometriosis induced infertility

Many women with endometriosis have children without difficulty. Others become pregnant eventually with the help of a combination of medical therapy, surgery, and assisted reproduction techniques.

Surgical treatment

Surgery for endometriosis-related infertility aims to get rid of any endometriosis and adhesions present. If the endometriosis has damaged any organs, or resulted in them being stuck down in abnormal positions, the surgery will also try to repair the damage and restore the anatomy of the organs to as close as possible to their normal positioning.

In women with minimal to mild endometriosis, laparoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for endometriosis-related infertility, as it leads to better pregnancy rates.

A Positive Note

Most women with endometriosis will still be able to conceive, especially those with minimal to mild endometriosis. However women with moderate to severe endometriosis tend to have more difficulty conceiving.

However, the heartening news is that having endometriosis does not automatically mean that you will never have children. Rather, it means that you may face problems in the journey towards parenthood.

At East Bay Fertility Center California (www.ebfertlity.com), we recommend In-vitro fertilization (IVF) as the therapy of choice for severe cases of endometriosis. Endometriosis and pelvic adhesions are sometimes also treated by laparoscopy.
Our experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology, with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. Dr. Snowden brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility.

Financial Assistance for Fertility Treatment

2009-03-10T03:45:00.000-07:00

When a couple decides to pursue treatment for infertility, they have to handle not just the emotional and physical strains that the process brings about; the cost of treatment is very often a cause for concern and is a driving factor that ultimately influences the treatment options. Infertility treatments are expensive and place a considerable financial strain on couples.

The cost of fertility treatment include the fees for initial tests and diagnosis, consultation fees and the cost of fertility drugs and assisted reproductive technology that is opted for. It is essential to analyze the health coverage and insurance options available in order to navigate through the confusing maze of financial aspects of fertility treatment.

Insurance Coverage for Infertility Treatment

The first step involves understanding the type of coverage your insurance policy provides for infertility treatment and the eligibility criteria. This is very critical since an absence of insurance coverage would mean paying for the treatment from your own resources which can be a very daunting possibility.

More specifically figure out if your policy provides benefits for in vitro fertilization. Most often insurance companies do not cover infertility treatment or offer only partial coverage for infertility treatment. Typically, the use of donor eggs and donor sperm is not covered by infertility insurance.

But the good news is that infertility insurance is now compulsory in certain states and available for private purchase throughout the United States. With the number of Americans facing fertility issues rising, fertility treatment is being seen more as a necessity than as a luxury. Hence infertility insurance is becoming more and more popular.

Standard Health Insurance

Some U.S. states have laws that pertain to insurance coverage related to infertility treatment. These laws however vary by state. Standard health insurance stipulates that a monthly premium be paid in exchange for specific fertility coverage. Some states have a mandate requiring all employers with more than 50 employees to offer health care coverage that includes some type of fertility insurance.

Other states have no mandate requiring employers to offer fertility insurance.

Unsecured loans

Organizations that specialize in IVF loans provide unsecured loans for coverage of infertility treatment and pharmaceutical care. The reason why pharmaceutical care also requires coverage is because it can cost up to 20% to 30% of the total expense of treatment. Other loan organizations provide financing for IVF as well as non-medical needs. These organizations also offer a refund guarantee in which the patient will be given a refund of the money spent, in the event that there is no live birth at the end of the treatment.

Some patients choose to obtain a personal loan from their banks or opt to invest in a low interest credit card account meant exclusively to take care of medical charges for their infertility treatment.

Low-Cost IVF

There are options wherein IVF treatment can be obtained at a reduced cost. These options include:
• Joining an IVF program at on overseas clinic in countries such as India where IVF treatment is available at a lower cost
• Participating in an IVF research program
• Sourcing clinics that specifically offer low-cost infertility treatment

Fertility clinics are sensitive to the financial implications of fertility treatment. Most fertility clinics offer several financial options to couples in order to minimize the financial burden. Their financial counsellors provide guidance and work with couples to determine the best financial options available. Most fertility clinics offer a discounted rate to in vitro fertilization patients who have no insurance coverage.

East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin, California offers various financial packages in order to make the cost of treatment affordable. Diagnostic testing and IUI (artificial insemination) may be covered by insurance depending on the diagnosis. In an effort to assist patients in these tough economic times, East Bay Fertility Center is providing in house financing and also offers corporate discounts. The cost for testing and treatment will be reviewed with each patient at the time of the free initial consultation.

For more details log on to http://www.ebfertility.com/financial.html

Male Infertility Treatment Options

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Symptoms of Male Infertility
Surveys indicate that in at least 40% of couples suffering from infertility, the male partner has the problem. Male fertility is tested through semen analysis. The lower the sperm count and the poorer the sperm quality, the more difficult it will be for pregnancy to occur.

Major Factors Affecting Sperm Production

• Low Sperm Count: The condition of the sperm count being low is known as Oligospermia that can be due to genetic defects or abnormal set of Y chromosomes, any trauma, mumps, malaria, testicular dysgenesis syndrome or other reasons.
• No Sperms: Azoospermia is the condition when there are no sperm at all in the semen sample. At East Bay Fertility Center we discuss the detailed history that may have affected the testicles.
• Infected semen: Infected semen can also cause infertility.
• Diseases such as diabetes, thyroid and other illnesses.
• Testicular Overheating because of hot tubs, hot baths, may temporarily lower sperm count.
• Tight fitting clothing, strenuous riding (bicycle riding, horseback riding), drugs and medications may cause fertility problems.
• Too much smoking also reduces both the sperm count and the sperm motility.
• Excessive alcohol intake may lead to infertility and also lower the production of sperm and of the male hormone testosterone.
• Obesity fatigue and stress has become lifestyle causes for male infertility.

At East Bay Fertility Center our fertility specialists are well trained and equipped to identify the reasons causing infertility. Under the guidance of Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical director and Physician, East Bay Fertility Center has been successfully delivering a rare and valuable service-of-lifetime in dealing with personal pain and emotional stress of the patients. Factors that also contribute in lowering the fertility which can be discovered during examination are:
1. Varicocele: A network of veins carries blood away from the testicles and back up into the body. This is a condition where these veins become enlarged, twisted, and swollen. This can cause testicular dysfunction and infertility.
2. Hydrocele: The presence of excessive fluid around the testicle.
3. During physical contact and ejaculation, sometimes the sperm cannot be deposited within the vagina very easily.

Diagnosis of Infertility

The diagnosis includes the medical history and physical examination of the patient. A complete examination of the infertile male is performed at East Bay Fertility Center which is important to identify issues related with infertility.
• Sperm sample: A measured volume of the semen and number of sperm is taken as the sample for examination.
• Blood sample: A blood sample can indicate genetic causes of infertility, such as a Y chromosome defect or microdeletion, cystic fibrosis, etc.

Treatment

Half of the male fertility problems can be treated. There are three major categories of treatment for male infertility that we provide at East Bay Fertility Center:
• Assisted reproduction
• Drug therapy
• Surgery

Assisted reproduction therapy is done to improve erectile dysfunction, induce ejaculation, obtain sperm, and inseminate an egg. This treatment option includes:

o Electroejaculation
o Sperm retrieval and washing
o In-vitro fertilization (IVF)
o Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
o Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)

Electroejaculation: This procedure helps in producing ejaculation. This is useful for candidates who have neurological dysfunction and those with spinal cord injuries.

Sperm retrieval: This method is used to obtain sperm from the testes or epididymis of someone who is suffering from azoospermia.

Sperm washing: This method isolates and prepares the healthiest sperm for insemination.

In-vitro fertilization (IVF): This involves combining eggs with sperm in a laboratory, with proper fertilization conditions, and later on transferring the developed embryos to the uterus.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): In this method one sperm is injected directly into a retrieved mature egg using a tiny glass needle. The egg is then fertilized and transferred to the uterus.

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT): This procedure is recommended for couples who are suffering from unexplained fertility problems. Mature eggs and prepared sperm are combined in a syringe and injected into the fallopian tube through laparoscopy.

Drug therapy: Oral medications are given to improve the sperm production, treat hormonal dysfunction, cure sperm infections and fight sperm antibodies.

Surgery for male infertility is performed to treat reproductive tract obstruction and varicocele.
East Bay Fertility Center is dedicated to providing the highest quality of care for all our patients till they are discharged with a satisfying outcome-‘a healthy baby’.

For more information on our fertility treatment options log on to http://eastbayfertility.com/

When Should One Seek Infertility Treatment?

2009-02-11T05:06:00.000-08:00

Parenting is a beautiful phase in everybody’s life. But every couple is not lucky to have their own children. Even planning to get pregnant is not as easy as most people think as this depends on many factors.

Infertility as a problem is not only faced by older women but it is also an unfortunate truth with younger women. It’s true that as you get older, your capability of getting pregnant gradually decreases, specifically if you are over 35. But almost every infertile couple can be treated and successfully get pregnant.

East Bay Fertility Center provides all their patients a lot more than just technical expertise. We guarantee a compassionate, personalized care and support throughout the treatments. You also get a chance to consult with other specialists available on site, including a psychologist, acupuncturist and nutritionist. At East Bay Fertility Center we think of your well-being and your success in every infertility case we take up.

Who should see an Infertility Specialist?

According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), couples in which the female partner is under the age of 35, and who have not conceived after one year of unprotected intercourse, should seek the help of a specialist in the field of infertility treatment.

ASRM has also listed out conditions where couples should seek the help of an infertility specialist:

• Couples, in which the female partner is over the age of 35 is not able to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse.

• A woman has had a history of three or more miscarriages.

• Couples who have problems like endometriosis, fibroids, irregular periods, prior abortion, DES mothers, varicoceles, prior cancer treatment or about to receive chemotherapy, etc should seek help from a specialist.

• A woman who ovulates irregularly (or not at all) and has not shown any response to previous drug treatment.

• The semen analysis of a men’s semen shows a low sperm count, poor motility (movement), or poor morphology (structure).

• A couple is looking for assisted reproductive technologies, such as in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT).

• A couple has "unexplained infertility”.

A couple facing any of these conditions should head straight away to an infertility specialist and get the relevant tests done. At East Bay Fertility Center, we value this precious time of your life and help achieve your dreams of becoming parents faster and with the least inconvenience, starting from the tests to the treatment.

At East Bay Fertility Center, our experienced team of doctors headed by Dr Ellen Snowden will examine potential causes of both male and female infertility. The process of treatment starts with consultation with our infertility specialist. The steps will include a semen analysis for the man. For a woman, blood tests to check levels of thyroid hormone and other hormones, a test to check for changes in the cells of the cervix or infection, and an X-ray to make sure the fallopian tubes are open are done.

With the right line of treatment and intervention, East Bay Fertility Center makes sure that couples who have been facing problems conceiving will successfully surmount the problem in the shortest possible time and realize their dreams of having a healthy baby.

For more information on our fertility treatment options log on to http://eastbayfertility.com/

Celebrities and Fertility Treatment

2009-02-05T04:05:00.000-08:00

Infertility is the biological inability of a man or woman to contribute towards conceiving. Like any other normal couple, celebrities also struggle with infertility problems. Some celebrities who face infertility and opt for a treatment shy away from admitting it. However, others have chosen to step out and talk about their battles with infertility. By this they inspire those women who are still confused about fertility treatment and blame themselves for their suffering. Some of America's celebrities including Hollywood biggies are among those who have undergone fertility treatment such as IVF or fertility drugs to conceive.

Infertility Treatment Options

There are several options available today that women can choose from to conceive. In-vitro fertilization is one such option. Others may consider using a surrogate who will carry the baby for them. There are also those who have opted for adoption. All these fertility solutions have been tried out by various celebrities.

Celebrities Who Opted For In-vitro Fertilization

Some of the celebrities who have opted to use in-vitro fertilization to get pregnant and deliver a healthy baby are:

Courtney Cox-Arquette: David and Courtney Cox-Arquette have shared their battle with infertility with the public. They had a healthy, baby girl, Coco through In-Vitro Fertilization after various miscarriages.

Marcia Cross: Of “Desperate Housewives” fame has been one of the first few celebrities who opted for in-vitro fertilization. She is now a happy mom to her in-vitro twins.

Nicole Kidman: She faced fertility problems for a long time. She got pregnant with Tom Cruise but miscarried because of an ectopic pregnancy. Kidman then went in for fertility treatment to get pregnant with present husband Keith Urban.

Celine Dion: She has one child as a result of in-vitro fertilization and also decided to have her eggs frozen for future implantation.

Brooke Shields: Shields was unable to become pregnant after having pre-cancerous cells removed from her cervix. She and husband Chris Henchy decided to use IVF to conceive. Shields became pregnant but suffered a miscarriage after their first IVF cycle. They tried several more IVF cycles before the model/actress delivered a baby girl at the age of 37. The couple was able to conceive another girl naturally after three years.

Celebrities Who Opted For Surrogacy

Some of the celebrities who have opted to use a surrogate mother to carry the baby

for them are:

Marissa Jaret Winokur: Known for “Dharma and Greg”, “Dancing with the Stars” and “Broadway (Hairspray)”, she's awaiting the birth of a baby. Being a survivor of cervical cancer

, Winokur couldn't conceive the baby on her own; so a surrogate is bringing her biological child into the world.

Kelly Klein: In happier times with Calvin Klein, Kelly wanted to have a baby. But now that she's divorced, she used a surrogate to bring that baby into the world.

Celebrities Who Opted For Adoption

Celebrities are making headlines by going in for adoption to complete their family. Madonna and Angelina Jolie are the first few who have chosen adoption. Some others who adopted include:

Diane Keaton: She was in her fifties when she adopted a boy and a girl and decided to raise them on her own. She realized that she wasn't going to find the man she wanted to raise kids with.

Sheryl Crow: She was forty five when she decided that she wanted to be a mom and adopted an infant.

Concluding Thoughts

Women struggle with fertility for various reasons. This holds true for celebrities also. The most prominent reason being age. Their formative years are spent chasing their dreams and they wait until their later years to get pregnant thus often have trouble conceiving. Lifestyle issues can be considered the second prevailing reason.

At East Bay Fertility Center we take care of your existing medical conditions and accordingly recommend a suitable infertility treatmenta> option providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. This can be IVF, surrogacy or even adoption. Our experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women.

Please click on the link www.ebfertility.com for more details.

The Risk of Multiple Pregnancies as an Outcome of IVF Treatment

2009-02-05T03:44:00.000-08:00

Today many multiple pregnancies are the result of fertility treatment. For couples who have been childless for long, the prospect of twins or triplets may seem ideal at first after the long wait to be parents. But the complications of multiple pregnancies are likely to affect both mother and babies in the form of maternal and fetal complications in addition to financial strains, physical exhaustion and emotional upheavals.

In-Vitro fertilization and Multiple Pregnancies

In-Vitro fertilization (IVF) itself is an overwhelming experience; add to that is the risk of multiple pregnancies. In the course of IVF, multiple pregnancy rates can be as high as 20% as compared to 2-3% multiple pregnancy risk among the general population. Out of this, approximately 2-3% results in triplets and even quadruplets. Twins are the most common outcome of a multiple pregnancy.

Data from the USA (SART 2002) regarding multiple pregnancies showed that 32% of deliveries after in-vitro fertilization were twins and 7% were triplets or more. In the United Kingdom (HFEA patient's guide 2002), 25% of deliveries after IVF were twins and 1.7% were triplets.

Why does fertility treatment increase the likelihood of having twins?

During IVF treatment usually more than one embryo is implanted to maximize the chances of a successful pregnancy. Thus multiple embryos increase the chance of a multiple pregnancy. As the frequency of multiple pregnancies radically increased, the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA) decided to impose a limit on how many embryos could be transferred at one go, during IVF treatment. Now the maximum embryos that could be transferred is two for women under the age of 40 and a maximum of three for women aged 40 or over who are using their own eggs.

Different countries have different rules and restrictions with regard to the number of embryos to be transferred. In the United Kingdom, in order to reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies, the HFEA (August 2001) has decided to reduce the number of embryos to be transferred from three to two. A three embryo transfer may be performed in exceptional circumstances.

The Risks of Multiple Pregnancies

While IVF is a highly effective option for couples desiring children, when considering this line of treatment, couples should have a clear understanding of the possibility of multiple pregnancies and what steps would be taken if such an event would occur. The most common complication associated with multiple births is premature birth. Twins, triplets, and other multiple-birth children are at much higher risk of premature or low birth weight apart from a host of other health challenges. There is also a greater risk of birth related complications or even miscarriage. The other medical conditions that are likely to occur during a multiple pregnancy include gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and fetal growth problems.

Because of these concerns, couples considering infertility treatment need to not just evaluate the overall ‘success’ rate of a fertility clinic when deciding where to go for treatment but also take into account the clinic’s rate of twin and triplet births into consideration. It’s also pertinent to locate the most suitable health care professionals who have experience with multiple births. As multiple pregnancies are regarded as high-risk, the need for specialized health care becomes vital to ensure the well-being of mother and babies.

How East Bay Fertility Center can Help

East Bay fertility clinic specializes in the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of infertility, providing a complete mind-body experience for fertility couples. We encourage couples to undergo intensive counseling on the possibilities and risks associated with multiple births.

Our experienced medical staff is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician. Dr Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. A former infertility patient herself, Dr. Snowden brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility.

Fertility Doctor

2009-02-03T04:58:00.000-08:00

Eva Ulehlova

IVF Laboratory Director and Senior Embryologist

Eva Ulehlova, MS, ELD(ABB), TS, CLS has more than 17 years of hands-on IVF Laboratory experience in the San Francisco Bay Area including ICSI, blastocyst culture, embryo cryopreservation, testicular biopsy and other andrology services. Eva is experienced in laboratory set-up and management, CAP certification and IVF laboratory compliance, CA Tissue Bank and FDA regulations, laboratory personnel management, mentoring and training.

Eva completed a Master's Degree in Clinical Laboratory Sciences at SFSU where her thesis topic investigated various cryopreservation protocols for human embryo freezing. Eva is a board certified Embryology Laboratory Director (ABB), Technical Supervisor (ABB) and Clinical Laboratory Scientist (CA, ASCP). Eva is a member of American Board of Bioanalysts (1996), American Society of Reproductive Medicine (1994), European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (1997) and is certified by College of American Pathologists as a reproductive laboratory inspector (1998).

Eva prides herself in her high quality work ethics that deliver meticulous and accurate results. Due to her unwavering commitment to her work, she plays an integral part as a team player within the clinic by keeping the success rates among the best in the country.

Eva is currently working in Fertility Treatment Center

Jodie Sandhu

Nurse Practitioner
Clinical Manager

Jodie Sandhu is a Nurse Practitioner, graduate of Stanford University, who has been in Women's Health for the last five years. Jodie holds a dual degree as a Nurse Practitioner and Physician Assistant. She has been in the nursing field for the last 13 years providing hands-on care to patients. During this time, Jodie has gained skills working in hospitals, emergency rooms, nursing care homes, community clinics, and family practice centers. Her role in Women's Health is one that is very proactive and supportive. She practices independence of decisions, focuses on educating the patient, and helps women realize their strengths in improving their well-being.

Jodie works with Dr. Snowden in her role as a Clinical Manager, to enhance the patient's personal experience with infertility. She guides patients from beginning to end, acting as a coordinator and nurturing patients in every way. Her goal is to provide patients with resources, strength, comfort, and success in this journey. Jodie is fluent in Spanish, Punjabi, and Hindi.

East Bay Fertility Center

Fertility Specialist

2009-02-03T04:48:00.000-08:00

Ellen U. Snowden, M.D.

Board Certified Reproductive Endocrinologist
Medical Director of East Bay Fertility Center

Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician for the East Bay Fertility Center, directs all patient services performed by nurse practitioner, nurses, medical assistants and office staff. Dr. Snowden is Board Certified in Obstetric, Gynecology, and Reproductive Endocrinology with advanced Fellowship training in the treatment of infertility, recurrent miscarriages and hormonal disorders in women. A former infertility patient herself, Dr. Snowden brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility. Dr. Snowden's extensive training includes a four-year Obstetrics and Gynecology residency at Michael Reese Hospital under the supervision of Dr. Antonio Scommegna, a pioneer in Reproductive Endocrinology. Her post-graduate Fellowship in Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility was completed at the University of Illinois. Dr. Snowden began her professional career treating patients for infertility in Chicago over 20 years ago. Before founding East Bay Fertility Center, she served as Medical Director of The Sher Institute for Reproductive Medicine in Sacramento. Dr. Snowden also served as Medical Director of Pacific Fertility Center. Other positions have included Director of Women's Services at the Center for Human Reproduction in Chicago, Assistant Professor of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology at Northwestern University, and Instructor in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Illinois. Staff privileges in California have included Mercy Hospitals and Sutter Hospitals.

Dr. Snowden is actively engaged in on-going research in infertility and has published articles in the field.

Dr. Snowden is associated with more than a dozen professional societies, including The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) and The Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (SREI).

Fertility Center Treatment

The Surrogacy Option for Infertile Couples

2009-01-09T04:41:00.000-08:00

For couples who decide to put an end to unsuccessful infertility treatment, surrogacy is a good option to parent a child. It’s the closest to having a biological child of your own when all other options fail, with the added benefit of letting you participate closely in your baby’s gestation and birth. Surrogacy, referred to as ‘assisted reproduction’ also benefits women who have no uterus or have a damaged one.

What is Surrogacy?
Surrogacy is the process wherein another woman helps to carry your child in the event that you are unable to conceive or carry a child of your own. The surrogate mother is willing to be impregnated by InVitro Fertilization (IVF) procedure and then carries the resulting baby for the ‘Intended Parents.’ After the birth of the child the surrogate mother relinquishes all her parental rights to the child.

Gestational Surrogacy
Gestational surrogacy is also referred to as host surrogacy since the surrogate mother is not biologically related to the child, but merely acts as host for the embryo. This is a good option for women who can produce eggs for fertilization but are unable to carry a child to term. In this type of surrogacy, the sperm and eggs are provided by the intended parents or by sperm or egg donors. The surrogate is implanted with the fertilized embryo through in-vitro fertilization.

Surrogacy Cost
Surrogacy is a costly option for infertile couples. The intended parents have to bear all the expenses of the surrogate's pregnancy and related fees that would cover surrogate screening and counseling, lost wages, insurance, surrogate's transportation, surrogate agency and attorney fees. The other vital expenses include:
• The cost of fertility treatments needed to begin the pregnancy, which may include in-vitro fertilization or intrauterine insemination
• Prenatal visits with health care providers
• The cost of delivery
• Food, medicines, and clothing required for the surrogate
• The initial supplies for the baby before the hand-over
Surrogate agencies charge anything in the range of $38,000 to $54,000 as fees, sometimes more or less. This would also typically include legal fees and the cost of paperwork.

Legal Issues in Surrogacy
Before the surrogacy relationship is established between the intended parents and the surrogate, it is necessary to sign a surrogacy contract defining the procedures, expenses, and legal parental rights. Legal concerns are of the utmost importance while pursuing surrogacy.

In Conclusion
Despite the significant financial burden, and the long drawn out processes, surrogacy is a satisfying option for many couples. However finding a suitable surrogate is not easy and the whole process of surrogacy itself is an emotionally-draining one. The necessary psychological assessment and detailed explanation about expectations is vital for a positive outcome of the process.

At East Bay Fertility Center, Dublin, California, Dr. Ellen U. Snowden, Medical Director and physician and her highly qualified team help realize your dream of having a family through the latest technology and most comprehensive consultation in the field of Reproductive Endocrinology. Our gestational surrogacy program is based on personalized care and support, every step of the way. Visit us at http://www.ebfertility.com/ for all your fertility related queries and concerns.

How to Cope with Infertility Related Stress

2009-01-07T01:31:00.000-08:00

The psychological stress of dealing with infertility is extremely overwhelming. Added to the stress is the well-meant but unwanted advice from family and friends and the financial havoc that fertility treatment wrecks on your budget. Missing out on the experience of having a biological child leads to intense frustration, putting tremendous stress on marital relationships. Feelings of anger and jealousy persist, on the unfairness of parenthood coming so easily to others.

Infertility treatment itself is a very precarious process intercepted with dramatic emotional swings knowing that there is nothing that can be done to guarantee that treatments will work. Since infertility is defined as a condition that sets in after trying to conceive for 12 months or more, those confronting it may already be drained emotionally. A devastating sense of sadness coupled with shock sets in when recurrent pregnancy checks turn in negative. The anguish of putting up with continual cycle failures creates great aggravation.

It is far from easy to cope with infertility when the world around you is filled with expectant parents. However it is important to ensure that infertility does not take over your life. Here are a few tips on how to cope with and manage the rollercoaster of emotions that infertility brings about:

Give a voice to your feelings: It actually takes more mental energy to hold your feelings back than to express them. Allow yourself to feel the sadness, anger and frustration by letting out your pent-up emotions. If a friend’s pregnancy affects you, go ahead and wail out your despair rather than try to quell what you truly feel. You have the right to distance yourself a little from their excitement if it's too painful for you. Likewise it is perfectly normal to opt out of attending baby showers and children's birthday parties if you anticipate that they will be painful experiences. Prioritize invitations to reduce stress.

Look for support: Professional counseling groups, online forums and even friends prove to be of great support and help in coping with infertility. Sometimes just knowing other people are in related situations helps.

Read up on the subject: Widen your knowledge about the latest infertility treatment options and also about alternatives like adoption and surrogacy. This will help you feel more in control of the situation.

Take a break: Leave the pressures of infertility behind and go on a vacation. Many couples get a chance to rediscover and strengthen their fragile relationship when they get away from it all.

Consider professional help: get reliable, professional advice and help from a reputable source. Due to the emotional stress of infertility, some fertility clinics insist that their patients seek counseling before and during treatment. Fertility clinics have in-house therapists who teach coping skills and strategies to alleviate some of the depression and anxiety faced by couples.

Physical Ways to Reduce Infertility Stress

Maintain a good diet and an exercise routine in consultation with your gynecologist.
Limit your intake of caffeine found in foods like coffee, tea, and chocolate.
Get adequate sleep.
Learn relaxation techniques such as yoga, medication and breathing exercises.
Continue doing the activities you enjoy.

Going in for Infertility Treatment

The good news is that well over half of couples that seek infertility treatment conceive. Medical advances in fertility treatment options today are leaps and bounds ahead of what was available a generation ago. Seek an infertility specialist who will make you feel comfortable and who will give you the best options keeping your interest in mind. Choosing the right fertility clinic will make the entire process a bit easier to bear and hopefully increase success rate of treatment.

East Bay Fertility Center located in Dublin, California is well equipped with the latest technology and offers the most comprehensive consultation available in the field of Reproductive Endocrinology. The Center is headed by Dr. Ellen U. Snowden a Board Certified Reproductive Endocrinologist and offers a complete mind-body experience for couples with fertility issues. A former infertility patient herself, Dr. Snowden brings to her patients a rare and valuable firsthand empathy for the personal pain and emotional stress of dealing with infertility.

Being Positive but Practical

It is important to ensure that your self-esteem and outlook towards life remains positive while dealing with the emotional ups and downs of infertility treatment. But remain realistic about the situation. Don’t get pushed to a corner while facing the uncertainty about treatment outcomes and learn to say 'enough is enough’ when you may find yourselves having to accept that conception is not going to happen. It is then necessary if you so desire, to choose another option, such as adoption or opt for child-free living.

For all your fertility related queries and concerns log on to http://www.ebfertility.com/.

Fertility and Sterility

2008-11-19T02:12:00.000-08:00

Human fertility and sterility depends on several factors including nutrition, endocrinology, sexual behavior, culture, quality of life and emotional, physical and mental health. The modern trend is for both men and women to postpone having children, busy as they are in establishing their careers and ensuring financial security and stability in their lives. However, fertility tends to decrease with increasing age in both men and women due to biological, physical and mental and emotional factors adversely impacting the child-bearing process.

In most cases, infertility is treatable. The first step towards increasing the chances of conception would be to bring about changes in lifestyle and nutrition. Drugs and environmental toxicants adversely impact fertility. Regulating the intake of alcohol and caffeine is also essential.

Recent medical research has resulted in several technological breakthroughs in reproductive techniques paving the way for older parents to successfully have healthy babies. Famous older dads of today include the likes of Anthony Quinn, Michael Douglas, David Letterman, Larry King, Woody Allen, Charlie Chaplin and Warren Beatty among others.

There are several methods which older parents can opt for to have healthy babies:

Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI)
Artificial insemination
In vitro fertilization (IVF or IV)
Surrogacy
Egg donation

Fertility or infertility clinics and centers abound where fertility specialists provide treatment for male and female infertility which can be age related or otherwise. Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a part of obstetrics and gynecology that trains doctor’s to treat reproductive and infertility issues. Physicians are trained to study and treat hormonal dysfunctions in females and males and surgeons operate to treat infertility.

Artificial insemination is a popular option for couples facing problems in conceiving. Here infertility specialists inject sperm into the female at the time she is ovulating to help her conceive. In vitro fertilization or IVF is another alternative for an infertile couple. In this process, fertility clinic(s) combine the sperm and the egg outside the uterus and the resulting embryos are then placed in the woman’s uterus.

However, if the female partner cannot carry a child in her uterus there is the option of surrogacy which transcends all international borders. A gestational surrogate agrees to carry a pregnancy in her uterus for the biological parents. This method has offered couples who are unable to carry the opportunity to have their own child.

If a male partner is unable to produce sperm, there are sperm banks from where one can select sperm after reading the profile of the donors. Egg banks have not yet been developed due to the difficulty of freezing and thawing eggs with good survival rates. Ongoing research will allow this to take place in the future. At this point in time, the most reliable method of obtaining eggs is through In Vitro Fertilization with an egg donor.

Before opting for any of these methods it is important that the concerned individuals go in for counseling provided by fertility experts.

For all your fertility related queries and concerns log on to www.ebfertility.com. We will be happy to guide you through the various diagnostic and treatment options available to help you build your family.

Aging Infertility in Men and Women

2008-11-19T02:08:00.000-08:00

Fertility, the natural capability of creating life decreases as men and women age though it does not imply that men and women become absolutely sterile. There have been instances where a 90 year old man has been able to father a child by natural means and similarly women well past their middle ages are giving birth to healthy babies. Also with sophisticated medical treatment and a balanced diet older men and women have found it easier to conceive and deliver healthy babies.

Aging males and gene mutation

As men age, in general they experience erectile dysfunction, reduction in the volume, concentration, count and motility of the sperm. The American Society for Reproductive Medicine has suggested that the age limit for sperm donors should be under-40 as the quality of sperm decreases with age. However this age limit is not based on scientific evidence as the effect of aging on fertility in men is still not conclusively proved.

Men continue to produce sperm all their life. But the fact remains that aging does affect the quality of the sperm. A research done in 2006 found that low sperm motility was affected by DNA fragmentation which increased with age. Therefore older men were most likely to pass on any mutation in the genes to their progenies. The Aging Male Syndrome is characterized by a number of symptoms like loss of libido, decrease in the levels of the male hormone testosterone, erectile dysfunction, and other physical symptoms like bone loss, hair loss, weight gain, memory problems, muscle loss, low stamina and increased urination.

Older women and fertility

Infertility is more pronounced in women than in men. Fertility in women starts declining even years before menopause sets in. Research on the incidence of pregnancy in various age groups has shown that the rate of infertility is higher in older women. Women are born with all the eggs they will have in a lifetime. As women age, the eggs in the ovaries also age making it more difficult to conceive and increasing the risk of miscarriage and chromosomal abnormalities. Also older women are more likely to develop age related diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart conditions and gynecological problems like fibroids, endometriosis and menopause. These may result in poor quality of eggs, weight gain and disturbances in the estrogen metabolism. Although these conditions may affect a woman’s ability to conceive, current emerging technologies make it possible for older women to successfully deliver a healthy baby.

Staying healthy by remaining active and following a balanced diet, as well as reducing stress and negativity are still keys to increasing the likelihood of conception, for both men and women. It is important to seek medical advice and treatment for any conditions or problems to increase chances of conception.

For all your fertility related queries and concerns log on to www.ebfertility.com.